According to Tian Yongpo, Director and Researcher of the Human Resources Market Research Office of the Chinese Academy of Personnel Sciences, China's population development is currently showing a trend of fewer children, aging, and regional population differentiation. The population structure data for 2023 released by the National Bureau of Statistics in January this year showed that there were 86.481 million people of working age aged 16-59, accounting for 61.3% of the national population; The population aged 60 and above is 296.97 million, accounting for 21.1% of the national population, of which 216.76 million are aged 65 and above, accounting for 15.4% of the national population. A comprehensive understanding and correct view of the new situation of population development in China is an important prerequisite for understanding the changes in supply and demand in the labor market. In recent years, the continuous changes in population age structure and population quality have had a significant impact on labor supply, and on the demand side, technological progress has also put forward new requirements for optimizing labor structure. For this reason, it is a strategic orientation in the future period to accelerate the creation of modern human resources with good quality, abundant total, optimized structure and reasonable distribution, and to support Chinese path to modernization with high-quality population development, which also puts forward new requirements for the supply and demand management of the labor market. Accurately understanding the population development situation in China, on the one hand, changes in the age structure of the population will lead to changes in the number, proportion, and potential labor supply of the working age population over a certain period of time. According to the seventh national census data, the population aged 15-59 in 2020 was 894.38 million, accounting for 63.35% of the total population, a decrease of 6.79 percentage points from 2010; The population aged 0-14 is 253.38 million, accounting for 17.95%, an increase of 1.35 percentage points from 2010; The population aged 60 and above is 264.02 million, accounting for 18.70%, an increase of 5.44 percentage points from 2010. Compared with the previous decade, the increase in the proportion of people aged 60 and above has increased by 2.51 percentage points. On the other hand, the population quality structure is also undergoing significant changes, which have a significant promoting effect on improving the quality of labor supply and increasing productivity. According to the seventh national census data, compared to 2010, the number of people with a university education per 100000 in 2020 increased from 8930 to 15467, and the average length of education for the population aged 15 and above increased from 9.08 years to 9.91 years. These two indicators are the most fundamental indicators for measuring population quality, and their upward trend shows the achievements made by China in improving population quality. At the same time, the development of education has also provided a more solid foundation for improving the quality of the workforce. According to the 2022 National Economic and Social Development Statistics Bulletin of the People's Republic of China, the number of students enrolled in various types of education showed that in 2022, there were 3.654 million graduate students enrolled in graduate education throughout the year; 36.594 million undergraduate and vocational college students; 17.847 million students in secondary vocational education; There are 27.139 million regular high school students. Among them, the number of regular and vocational undergraduate and vocational college students, as well as the number of regular high school students, have maintained growth for five consecutive years. On the demand side, technological progress, especially the rapid development of digital technology