At 9:36 am on April 16, 2023, the Long March 4B Yao 51 carrier rocket ignited and took off at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, successfully sending China's first precipitation measurement satellite, Fengyun III G, into its predetermined orbit. The Fengyun No.3 G satellite, developed by the Eighth Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., is the 20th satellite in the Fengyun satellite family. It is the first time internationally that a dual frequency active precipitation measurement radar combined with passive microwave and optical remote sensing has been used for comprehensive detection, achieving a leap from passive observation to active exploration in precipitation measurement, further improving China's comprehensive meteorological observation capabilities. So, what technological innovations does this satellite have? Now let the reporter take you to investigate. Dual frequency, high-precision, "CT scanning" of precipitation is an important process in the global water cycle. The amount of precipitation and changes in its temporal and spatial distribution will greatly affect people's lives. According to statistics, about one-third of global typhoons occur in the western North Pacific, and China is located in this typhoon activity zone. In recent years, typhoon rainstorm waterlogging has become an important disaster faced by some cities in China, which has a significant impact on people's production and life. Traditionally, the acquisition of precipitation data is mainly achieved through methods such as rain gauges and ground-based radars. However, due to the limited number and uneven distribution of ground equipment, it is difficult to obtain large-scale and high-resolution ground precipitation information. Li Haisheng, Commander in Chief of the Fengyun 3 G satellite of the Eighth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Group, introduced that the Fengyun 3 G satellite is equipped with China's first "airborne rain gauge" - a spaceborne Ku and Ka dual frequency precipitation measurement radar, which combines the advantages of high radar observation resolution and wide satellite observation range. By emitting wireless electromagnetic wave signals into the atmosphere, it receives precipitation particle reflection signals from different altitude layers in the atmosphere, Obtain precipitation structure information at different altitudes in the vertical direction. At the same time, by utilizing the scanning ability of radar in the cross orbit direction, precipitation detection in the horizontal direction is achieved, ultimately enabling Fengyun III G satellite to obtain precise three-dimensional structural information of precipitation from top to bottom, "just like CT scanning atmospheric precipitation. In addition, when Ku and Ka dual band radars work synchronously, the reflectivity of precipitation particles at different altitudes in the atmosphere to the radiation microwave signal is different, which can distinguish between rain and snow and accurately estimate precipitation. "Among them, Ku frequency band is conducive to detecting strong precipitation, and Ka frequency band is conducive to detecting weak precipitation. The dual frequency detection formed by the combination of the two can expand the precipitation detection capability, improve the precipitation inversion accuracy, accurately perceive the drizzle like precipitation intensity changes in the Earth's atmosphere within 407km orbital height, which is twice the distance resolution of similar foreign instruments at the same sensitivity." Li Haisheng explained. All day, all day, "accurate pulse taking" typhoon rainstorm In order to further improve the high-precision observation of typhoon, rainstorm and other disastrous precipitation, FY-3 G satellite is equipped with an active precipitation measurement radar, and also a microwave imager, which can receive the 10~183 gigahertz microwave radiation energy of the earth's atmosphere, and carry out all-weather, multi polarization cooperative detection. Qian, Chief Designer of Fengyun 3 G Star at the Eighth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Group