A new technology for vaccine development has arrived. Chinese researchers have developed a single dose dry powder inhalation vaccine development technology with a multi-level structure of "nano micro composite". Using this technology, researchers have successfully prepared a new type of dry powder inhaled vaccine in the laboratory. Animal model experiments have shown that the vaccine can effectively block the infection and transmission of respiratory viruses. The related research results were published online on December 14th in the journal Nature. Respiratory infectious diseases pose a serious threat to human life and health, and there is an urgent need to build safer and more efficient respiratory infectious disease vaccines. For this reason, Academician Ma Guanghui of the Institute of Process Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the research team Wei Wei put forward a new concept of nano micro composite delivery on the basis of years of research on the preparation of uniform microspheres and biological dosage forms. By combining the technology of sustained-release microspheres with uniform and controllable structure with the protein antigen nanoparticles developed by Wang Hengliang and Zhu Li, researchers of the Academy of Military Medicine, they successfully developed a new vaccine development technology. "The surface of nanoparticles can simultaneously display multiple antigens, inducing a broad-spectrum immune response and expanding the scope of vaccine protection. At the same time, thanks to the flexibility of antigen display, this technology can also quickly and conveniently complete the construction of other respiratory virus vaccines." Wei Wei, the co corresponding author of the article, explained. In order to verify the vaccine development technology, researchers use this technology to prepare an inhalable, dry powder COVID-19 vaccine. This vaccine has achieved rapid, long-term and efficient "mucosal humoral cellular" triple immune response in mice, hamsters and non-human primates, and can effectively block the infection and transmission of COVID-19. "The vaccine prepared using this new vaccine development technology has the characteristics of high delivery efficiency, easy storage and transportation at room temperature, and long sustained release efficacy. The vaccine particles can reach the alveoli directly, achieving effective deposition." Wei Wei said that this vaccine development technology is expected to achieve rapid vaccine construction and efficient prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in the face of future new and sudden infectious diseases. (Lai Xin She)