Can health issues such as fractures and cataracts be related to drinking alcohol? On June 8th, the international authoritative medical journal Nature Medicine published a joint study on the health of a large population of Chinese adults conducted by Peking University and Oxford University, refreshing people's understanding of the dangers of drinking alcohol. The research results show that drinking alcohol increases the risk of 61 diseases for Chinese men. Some diseases that sound unrelated to drinking alcohol all show a close correlation with alcohol. "This study has provided important causal evidence about the health hazards of alcohol." On June 9, Chen Zhengming, one of the corresponding authors of the paper and professor of epidemiology at Oxford University, told the reporter of Science and Technology Daily that the study has identified 33 new diseases related to alcohol and provided evidence, which is crucial to developing disease prevention strategies related to alcohol restriction for different countries. The health effects caused by alcohol have a strong lag and are often interfered by other factors, making it difficult to obtain a clear causal relationship. Therefore, there are few studies that comprehensively and systematically evaluate the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of different diseases in the same population. In order to obtain a convincing causal relationship, this study was jointly conducted by researchers from Oxford University and Peking University, conducting a long-term, large-scale analysis and research. Alcohol consumption, as one of the main causes of chronic diseases, was listed as an important research factor. Research has found that about one-third of Chinese men included in the study regularly drink alcohol, at least once a week, but only 2% of women have such a lifestyle. The female population, with almost no drinking habits, is a very effective control group, which helps to confirm that the excess disease risk in males in genetic analysis is indeed caused by alcohol consumption, rather than other factors, "said Dr. Yan Biqi, a researcher at the University of Oxford and the first author of the paper. Based on clever design, data analysis ruled out the possibility of genetic factors leading to the high incidence of these diseases. The researchers said that some genes are unique to East Asian people people. Maybe someone would say that the high incidence rate in the large Cohort study is caused by some unique genes, but because there are women as the control group, they have the same genetic characteristics but drink alcohol irregularly, and there is no high incidence rate. This forms a relatively complete logical relationship. Research has found that compared to men who occasionally drink alcohol, men who regularly drink alcohol have a significantly higher overall risk of developing various diseases and have more hospitalizations. As the saying goes, 'A small drink is good for the mood, but a large drink harms the body'. Moderate alcohol consumption was once considered to have a protective effect, such as reducing the risk of ischemic heart disease. However, the analysis results of this study show that such protective effects do not exist, and moderate alcohol consumption is not associated with a reduced risk of ischemic heart disease. The conclusion of this study also indicates that frequent alcohol consumption, whether or not intoxicated, can have multiple health hazards, with up to 61 diseases that can be caused. The study also provided a preliminary quantitative causal relationship between alcohol intake and 61 diseases, that is, an average increase of about 4 cups of alcohol per day can lead to a 14% increase in the risk of 28 diseases determined by the World Health Organization and a 6% increase in the risk of 33 newly discovered diseases. One of the authors of the article, associate professor at Oxford University