On February 23 of this year, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee The General Office of the State Council has issued the "Opinions on Further Deepening Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of the Rural Medical and Health System" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions") Clearly propose various tasks and measures such as strengthening the overall planning and layout optimization of medical and health resources within the county, developing and strengthening the rural medical and health talent team, and improving the level of medical security in rural areas. What is the significance of the document in the current context? What cracking measures have been proposed in the document to address the challenges in the development of rural healthcare systems? Recently, Mou Shanyong, a member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of the Shandong Provincial Health Commission, Zhang Chaoyang, President of the China Rural Health Association, and Zhang Jiahui, Director and Researcher of the Social Security and Medical Health Research Office of the Social and Cultural Development Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, provided detailed explanations on the significance and specific reform measures of the "Opinions". Based on the characteristics of rural China, developing a sound and perfect rural medical and health system in the new era is the "first line of defense" to strengthen the health of millions of farmers, and it is the necessary meaning to comprehensively promote rural revitalization. Zhang Jiahui pointed out that the rural medical and health system plays an important role in serving rural residents in seeking medical treatment and disease prevention and control. Currently, with the development of urbanization and aging population, there have been significant changes in the population structure and spatial layout of rural areas in China. The prominent manifestation is the "hollowing out" of many rural areas and the aging of the permanent population, which poses challenges to the rational layout of rural medical resources. The healthy development of rural medical and health systems in the new era must adhere to the characteristics of rural China. "Zhang Chaoyang believes that the construction of rural medical and health systems should be aimed at ensuring that farmers receive basic, safe, convenient, and economic basic medical and health services that reflect social equity and are compatible with economic and social development. It should be based on the characteristics of changes in rural morphology and population structure The characteristics of geographical environment, economic and social development, and health needs should be pragmatic, treated differently, and guided by classification. The Opinion proposes to allocate rural medical and health resources at the two levels according to local conditions and changes in rural morphology and population migration and flow, and to improve the individual scale and service radiation capacity of rural medical and health institutions by selecting suitable townships and villages, shifting from focusing on full institutional coverage to paying more attention to full service coverage. "We should not only try our best to avoid the 'blank' of primary medical outlets, but also to avoid the waste of resources caused by the massive emigration of population and the serious contraction of medical demand." Zhang Jiahui said that in recent years, the incidence rate of chronic diseases in rural areas has increased rapidly, the disease spectrum and prevalence rate have begun to converge with those in cities, and the disease burden has a tendency to exceed those in cities. In addition, after the improvement of transportation conditions and significant increase in income levels, it has a significant impact on the medical behavior of the people, and the trend of patients being concentrated in large hospitals at the county and city levels is more obvious. These all pose challenges to determining the functional positioning of rural grassroots medical institutions more reasonably, coordinating the relationship between county-level and rural tertiary medical institutions, and adjusting the mode of medical service provision to better meet the practical needs of the masses. Linkage between upper and lower levels to enhance the capacity and level of county-level medical services Currently, in China