This statement further highlights that the essence of modernization is the modernization of "people". To promote Chinese path to modernization, we must accelerate the shaping of modern human resources and comprehensively improve the overall quality of the population. At present, China's population development has entered the New Normal, showing a trend of fewer children, aging, and regional population differentiation. Currently, China has stood at the crossroads of negative population growth and aging population. This change has not only promoted the interwoven linkage between population transformation and economic development, but also accelerated the transformation from demographic dividend to talent dividend. It is necessary to actively adapt to and lead the New Normal of population development based on the basic situation of population size, structure, spatial distribution and population quality, optimize the population development strategy, and promote high-quality population development, so as to maximize the dynamic role of population in economic and social development. With the increasing trend of aging population in China, the dividend of population size is gradually diminishing, and the importance of population quality in economic and social development is becoming increasingly prominent. To continue to maintain the positive effect of population on economic and social development, it is necessary to uphold the development concept of an educational powerhouse, comprehensively improve the level of higher education development, vigorously develop modern vocational education, continuously improve the scientific and cultural quality, health quality, ideological and moral quality of the population, strive to build a knowledge-based, skilled, and innovative workforce, and shape modern human resources with excellent quality, abundant total quantity, optimized structure, and reasonable distribution, Promote China's transition from a major country in human resources to a strong country in human resources. Optimizing fertility policies is a systematic project. In the critical period of population structure transformation, reducing the costs of childbirth, parenting, and education should be the starting point and foothold of fertility policy design, and promoting socialization to share the burden of family childbirth, parenting, and education. At the same time, it is necessary to promote the coordination and integration of fertility policies and relevant economic and social policies. Continuously improve the maternity insurance system and the paid childcare system for women, strictly implement systems such as maternity leave and breastfeeding leave, and ensure equal employment and labor rights for women in accordance with the law. We need to strengthen the interaction and linkage between fertility policies and various policies such as taxation, housing, education, healthcare, and employment, to achieve the same direction of fertility policies and relevant economic and social policies, and to build a policy system and institutional framework suitable for fertility, parenting, and education. Actively respond to the aging population, continuously expand the social coverage of basic pension insurance, and promote the establishment of an individual pension system based on the account system. Establish a national pooling system for basic pension insurance, gradually narrowing the gap in basic pension insurance benefits between urban and rural areas, industries, and groups. We need to vigorously develop the silver economy, accelerate the development of modern elderly care services, focus on the needs of the elderly, strengthen the construction of a basic elderly care service system based on home, community support, and institutions as supplements, actively promote the construction of a modern elderly care service system that combines medical care, rehabilitation, and wellness, and continuously meet the diverse and multi-level elderly care service needs of the elderly. (Outlook New Era Network)