Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is one of the bacteria with the highest infection rate in the world and is the culprit of many stomach diseases. How to effectively reduce the Hp infection rate among Chinese residents is still one of the major public health issues that urgently need to be addressed. What is Helicobacter pylori? Helicobacter pylori (Hp) belongs to the phylum Proteobacteria, ε- Proteobacteria, Campylobacter, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter are bacteria parasitic in the stomach, which can cause inflammation by adhering to gastric mucosa and intercellular spaces, and spread from person to person mainly through the mouth mouth and fecal mouth routes. Hp infection is closely related to the occurrence of indigestion, gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. How is Helicobacter pylori transmitted? People are the only source of infection for Hp, mainly hidden in saliva, dental plaque, stomach, and feces. The transmission routes of Hp mainly include oral and fecal oral pathways. For example, it can be transmitted through methods such as sharing tableware and water cups, as well as feeding children with Hp after chewing, eating without washing hands after going to the bathroom, or touching the mouth. What are the 3 symptoms and diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori infection? Most people infected with Hp may have no symptoms, with some showing symptoms such as acid reflux, heartburn, stomach pain, and bad breath; Infection with Hp causes chronic gastritis, which can be manifested as epigastrium discomfort, dull pain, belching, acid regurgitation, nausea, vomiting, etc. Hp infection is the main cause of chronic gastritis. The infection rate of Hp in gastric mucosa of chronic gastritis is 80%~90%; In addition, Hp infection is also the main cause of peptic ulcer, with a Hp infection rate of 90% to 100% for duodenal ulcer and 85% to 90% for gastric ulcer. The occurrence of gastric cancer is related to Hp infection, but Hp infection is only one of the factors causing gastric cancer, and factors such as human and environmental factors are also crucial. Other factors such as urticaria, anemia, and thrombocytopenic purpura are also associated with Hp infection. Common detection method 1. Non invasive method: C-13 or carbon-14 urea breath test, which is one of the most simple and fast methods to judge Helicobacter pylori. This experiment requires patients to have an empty stomach for at least 4 hours, have not taken proton pump inhibitors within 2 weeks, and have not taken antibiotics or bismuth agents within 1 month. The experiment requires taking diagnostic medication and then comparing the exhalation before and after taking the medication for testing; The entire process of exhalation test takes about 30 minutes; Simply put, after fasting or eating for two hours in the morning, the patient takes a urea capsule orally with about 20ml of cold boiled water. After sitting for 25 minutes, they use a disposable air blowing tube to blow into the carbon dioxide absorber, and then hand over the blown sample to the doctor for testing. The testing is complete. In addition, there are methods such as detecting Hp antibodies in blood and urine, and detecting Hp antigens in feces. It should be noted that a positive blood Hp antibody cannot indicate current infection, but can only indicate infection, but the presence or absence of Hp cannot be determined. 2. Invasive methods: detection methods relying on gastroscope, including histological detection, rapid urease test (RUT), Hp culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. The latter two methods can also be used for bacterial drug sensitivity detection, and for eradication of H