Zongkaba: Founder of the New System of Tibetan Buddhism

2022-12-05

Tibetan Buddhism has gone through three important stages in the process of localization, namely, Tibetan Buddhism, the formation of sects and ideological disputes, the establishment of Gelug Sect and the complete formation of Tibetan Buddhism. Among them, the representative of the third stage is Zongkaba, who is known as the "Three Realms Dharma King" and "Manjusri reappearance" on the snow covered plateau. Zongkaba integrates the previous theories and the views of various sects, ends the academic debate for hundreds of years, resolves the contradictions between many theories and practices, and carries out religious reform, creates the Gelu Sect, and promotes the unity of the Han and Tibetan nationalities. During the annual "Lantern Festival", a monk offered a lamp on the top of Jokhang Monastery in Lhasa, Tibet, in memory of the founder of Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism, Master Tsongkhapa. Li Xin, a reporter from Xinhua News Agency, took a photo of Zongkaba, whose full name is Zongkaba Rossanzaba. He was born in Zongka, Qinghai (now Huangshui Valley, Qinghai) in 1357, and later generations respectfully called it Zongkaba. When Zongkaba was 3 years old, he received the recent precepts from the fourth living Buddha, Jobic Dorje, of the Black Hat Sect of the Kagyu Sect. In the same year, he was taught by Dharma King Dunzhu Renqin. At the age of 7, he became a monk in Xiaqiong Temple of the Kadang Sect, formally received the precepts of Sami, and was named Luosanzaba. Later, he followed Dunzhu Renqin for 10 years and studied the teachings of the Kadang Sect. Since the age of 22, Zongkaba has been working in Sakya, Gongtang, Sangpu and other Buddhist training centers to participate in debate activities; At the age of 25, he had mastered five major theories, including "Five Treatises of the Cishi Family", "Jushe Theory", "Shi Liang Theory", "Entering the Middle School", and "Law Theory", as well as the Ten Ming School, and had set up a sect defense in each famous temple to show his extraordinary talent. From 1380 to 1381, in accordance with Shi Liang Lun, Ji Lun, Gu She Lun, and Lv Jing, Zong Kaba made a defense in the Natang Temple, which symbolized that Zong Kaba had learned a lot in Buddhist philosophy, and also marked the end of his stage of manifesting his teachings. When Zongkaba was 27 years old, he received the precepts of a monk in Nanjie Temple in Yalong region. Since then, he began to systematically learn the secret religion while preaching scriptures. He devotes himself to the practice of Tantrism and religious rituals, systematically studies the "Tao Fruit Method" of Sakya Sect, the "Da Shou Yin Method" of Kagyu Sect and other sects of Tantrism, as well as the teachings of Kadang Sect and the "Bodhi Daodeng Theory" of Adi Gorge. When Tsongkhapa studied the secret, he did not focus on a particular secret method, but emphasized the combination of Buddhist theory and self cultivation, attached great importance to the scriptures, and attached great importance to the annotation and interpretation of the secret code and the ritual of doing things. Therefore, he was able to learn from various schools of teachings and practice, and enrich his own ideological system. Zongkaba established a Buddhism system with obvious and close integration, and established the ideological authority of the middle view should be a school, which provided a solid theoretical basis for his religious reform and the establishment of the Gelug School. In the early Ming Dynasty, there were many Tibetan Buddhism sects and chaos. Some monks have abandoned the Buddhist scriptures and religion, and their learning style is declining and their discipline is relaxed. The corruption of the Sangha system led to the dilemma of the development of Tibetan Buddhism itself. Zongkaba shouldered the historical mission of rectifying Tibetan Buddhism and took four measures in religious reform. First, we should formulate rules and regulations and strictly observe Buddhist disciplines. Zongkaba began to rectify the law and discipline from Gandan Temple, which clearly stipulated that monks must strictly abide by the precepts, be single and not marry, not engage in worldly affairs, and clean the Zen temple. Zongkaba himself took the lead in setting an example. He said: "The root of all merits and virtues should be the purity of the precepts he admits to upholding."

Edit:luoyu    Responsible editor:jiajia

Source:China Ethnic News

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