Editor's note: Compared with the sleepy spring, dry summer and cold winter, autumn is a good time for reading. The school starts, and the children begin the journey of reading in the new semester; When the weather is cool, adults open a book to read in the comfortable sunshine in autumn, which also gives the text a warm feeling. The library is a good place to achieve immersion reading. The invited authors of this issue introduce the libraries of the countries where they live, from the national library to the public library to the community library. How can the reading culture of these countries be reflected in the library? Britain: a history of libraries from aristocratic private to the general public. When we connect the two words Britain and library together, we may first think of the British Library, one of the famous knowledge brands; The British people think of community libraries or university libraries; In addition, some tourists and film lovers can also recall the private library in the magnificent or solemn castle. 1、 The British National Trust, established in 1895 as a private library representing the "old money" of Britain, now owns more than 60% of the existing ancestral houses and castles of celebrities. The library is the most magnificent place in these buildings. In terms of volume, the National Trust claims that it has more than 300000 books in its 170 libraries. These 300000 books were published throughout the Roman period to the last century. ● The private library was originally designed next to the bedroom. According to the research of Mark Purcell, the current deputy director of the research collection department of the Cambridge University Library, the trend of building a private library on his own initiative began in 1720. The library is often designed by architects to be placed next to the bedroom. Therefore, it has both privacy and publicity. It is not only a place for private meetings, but also a place for socializing and working in a dignified manner. Many private houses have their own librarians to deal with things related to libraries. The private library has become another place for famous British architects to show their skills. The library designed by William Kent and Robert Adam is said to express the mature Georgian style. The sorting and display of books has become a part of the basic aesthetics of space. ● You can judge the identity of the owner according to the collection and furnishings. Visitors will judge the owner of the house according to the quality of the books in the collection and the works of art on the wall. For example, in the Cliveden Manor built by the second Duke of Buckingham for his mistress in 1666, the library is close to the luxurious French luxury restaurant. There are all kinds of sofas in the library, but only a few bookshelves are up to the fireplace height, which is obviously more social than learning. In contrast, Huhnden Manor, which was bought by Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister of Queen Victoria, has a collection of 3373 books, the oldest of which can be traced back to 1477. There are books of laws and regulations, as well as geography books. Disraeli himself is not only a politician, but also a famous scholar and writer, so his books cover history, politics, religion, philosophy, as well as travel works and poetry. The ceiling depicts scenes from Aesop's fables (Disraeli's favorite book when he was young), and there is a shark skin globe on the desk.