New Progress in the Study of the Origin of Ancient Egyptian Civilization

2022-09-19

It is generally believed that civilization is a stage when human intelligence, material conditions, social organization and cultural mechanisms reach a certain height. As for the criteria for entering the civilization stage, the academic community has a consensus that the differences between civilizations and the particularity of each civilization must be considered. There is no universally applicable symbolic "element". Another consensus on civilization is that the formation of civilization means the formation of value orientation shared by specific groups. Since the end of the 20th century, post process archaeologists have paid special attention to exploring the origin of civilization from this perspective, putting forward the ideology and social common values constructed by the upper class of society, which also played an important role in the formation of civilization. Influenced by this trend of thought, the famous British Egyptologist, Professor Rongxiu Baines of Oxford University, the famous American Assyrian, Professor Rongxiu of the Department of Near Eastern Studies and Anthropology of the University of Michigan, and Ye Fei, a senior researcher of the Institute of Ancient World Studies of New York University, all conducted in-depth and extensive research on the rise and decline of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamian civilization. Baines is committed to explaining the social forms of ancient Egypt with the help of art, religion and literature, including the function and significance of the writing system in the society, the role of characters in the formation of the elite class and its strengthening role in ideology, the relationship between images and characters, and the material world and space-time environment of ancient Egyptian officials. Ye Fei has successively published important works such as The Primary Stage of Mesopotamian Civilization Development, The Mystery of Ancient Countries: The Evolution of the Earliest Cities, Countries and Civilizations, and The Decline of Ancient Countries and Civilizations. The two scholars co authored Order, Legitimacy and Wealth in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. They agreed that the important manifestation of ancient Egypt's entering the civilization stage was that the elite class created a new "high-level culture" (i.e., a complex society) by means of symbolism, established its holiness by virtue of the cosmic order, and demonstrated and transmitted its will. Royal palaces, administrative institutions, religious and sacrificial buildings; Crown, scepter, clothing, weapons, jewelry and special vessels; Myths, legends, festivals and historical writing and narration with the king as the core are all important carriers and materialized forms. The appearance of these materialized forms is an important criterion to judge the origin of ancient Egyptian civilization. The tomb of the former monarch, marked U-j, is located in Abydos. Because the data pictures have clear images and early characters as evidence, it is relatively easy to identify the origin of ancient Egyptian civilization. On the famous Narmai palette, we can see clear evidence of the formation of civilization. The first is the establishment of a unified country. On the front of the palette, Nalmai wears a white crown symbolizing Upper Egypt and strikes the rulers of Lower Egypt who bow down and claim their allegiance; On the back of the palette, Narmai wears the red crown of Lower Egypt and leads the upper Egyptian army to defeat the lower Egyptian opponent. Two mythical beasts with long necks, symbolizing the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. The second is the divine grant of kingship and the divine blessing of kingship. At the top of both sides of the palette, two cow heads representing Hathor Goddess are carved respectively, indicating that Nalmay's royal power is protected by the goddess. In the middle of the ox head is a palace icon with the name of Nalma. On the icon stands Horus, the patron god of Upper Egypt, which means that Nalma's power comes from Horus; On the front of the palette, Horus pulled it and tied it

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