New R & D institutions are the new force of the national innovation system and an important starting point for realizing high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. The 14th five year plan and the outline of long-term goals for 2035 clearly require that the national strategic scientific and technological force should be strengthened. We will support the development of new innovative subjects such as new research universities and new R & D institutions, and promote the diversification of investment subjects, the modernization of management systems, the marketization of operation mechanisms, and the flexibility of human-computer systems. In recent years, China's new R & D institutions have shown a blowout development. At present, there are 2140 new R & D institutions in China, accounting for 68% of enterprises. They have played a positive role in deepening political, industry, University and research cooperation, system and mechanism innovation, tackling key core technologies and transforming scientific and technological achievements. Current difficulties in the development of new R & D institutions At the same time, facing the supply and demand of high-quality science and technology, new R & D institutions still have a series of outstanding problems to be solved, such as insufficient top-level design, low achievement conversion rate, lack of high-level talents, weak self "hematopoietic" function and so on. In this regard, efforts should be made to optimize the top-level design, accelerate the transformation of achievements, introduce and cultivate top talents, enhance self "hematopoiesis" ability, promote cross-border integration, strengthen monitoring and evaluation, and fully promote the quality and efficiency of new R & D institutions. First, the standardized development system is not yet perfect, which restricts the high-quality development of new R & D institutions. Firstly, the positioning of new R & D institutions in China's innovation system is not clear, and the positioning of their core functions is not accurate. Many institutions move between laboratory R & D, achievement transformation and business incubation, market training, industrial venture capital and other functions, resulting in the mismatch and waste of financial resources. Secondly, some provinces set low or vague application conditions in terms of R & D conditions and business development direction, resulting in uneven construction quality of new R & D institutions. Finally, there is a lack of national unified monitoring and management platform, lack of information sharing between regions, and repeated construction, overlapping functions and high concentration of emerging industries in adjacent regions. In addition, universities and scientific research institutes are emphasizing the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, all kinds of industry university research cooperation platforms are blooming everywhere, and the disorderly development of new R & D institutions is becoming increasingly apparent. Second, the achievement conversion rate is low, which affects the operation efficiency of new R & D institutions. First, due to the lack of deep integration with local enterprises and industries, the R & D achievements of new R & D institutions are difficult to be effectively transformed due to insufficient market demand, and have not been fed back by the innovation resources of leading industries and characteristic industries in the process of innovation; Second, the supporting conditions are insufficient in the process of achievement transformation. Although some achievements are relatively innovative, they lack the inspection of pilot production, fail to effectively absorb venture capital funds for product follow-up development, and lack the ability of engineering development, application-oriented design and market-oriented promotion, which restricts the improvement of operation efficiency of the organization. Third, the lack of high-level talents limits the improvement of the competitiveness of new R & D institutions. On the one hand, the scale of R & D personnel in a single institution is limited, especially the shortage of strategic scientists. Strategic scientists have strong leadership ability and the ability to carry out organized scientific research and accurately grasp the market demand. However, many new R & D institutions generally perform poorly in introducing and retaining strategic scientists, and the mechanism of attracting talents is not perfect. On the other hand, institutional obstacles such as talent introduction and training and incentive still exist. The breakthrough innovation of new R & D institutions in the use of funds, talent evaluation and employment, achievement transformation and other aspects is relatively limited, or it can not be effectively connected with the macro system, resulting in insufficient support for long-term innovation activities as a whole. The employment and salary system are still constrained by the traditional institution system, and the vitality of talents is not released enough. Fourth, the ability of self "hematopoiesis" is not strong, which hinders the sustainable development of new R & D institutions. First, the internal consultation mechanism and decision-making status of the organization are not implemented in place, which affects the core businesses such as achievement transformation and R & D services, resulting in insufficient income of the organization. Secondly, the degree of marketization of operation mechanism is not enough. The degree of enterprise operation is low, the degree of openness and innovation is not high, and it is not closely combined with the market. It is limited to internal research and development, and innovation has limited role in guiding, driving and spillover of industry. The benefit distribution mechanism is relatively general, and the mechanism linking benefits and risks is not perfect. Finally, the sustainable profit model is not clear. Many small and medium-sized new R & D institutions rely on financial investment for a long time, and some new R & D institutions even lose money. On the whole, they have not explored an effective market-oriented sustainable profit model, and their self "hematopoietic" function is not strong, which restricts sustainable development. Countermeasures for improving quality and efficiency of new R & D institutions Optimize top-level design and focus on high-quality development. First of all, we should clarify the institutional positioning, carry out in-depth systematic policy and strategic research, clarify the positioning of new R & D institutions in the national innovation system, implement the policy that new R & D institutions enjoy the treatment of state-owned scientific research institutions in terms of government project commitment, talent introduction, construction land, investment and financing, guide them to take "R & D innovation and achievement transformation" as the core function and promote them to focus on their main responsibility and main business. Secondly, we should narrow the application and recognition conditions, appropriately raise the construction threshold, focus on its core R & D ability and market-oriented operation ability, and set a higher quantitative threshold in team construction, scientific research conditions, investment and incubation status, so as to avoid broad and low-level application and recognition conditions. Finally, we should strengthen overall planning and coordination, explore and issue national unified guidance on the construction of new R & D institutions, promote local governments to clarify the cooperation mechanism in the construction of new R & D institutions, establish a data sharing platform, and reduce repeated construction in adjacent areas. Local governments should strengthen the top-level design and promotion mechanism, and focus on the construction of major and high-quality new R & D institutions. Accelerate the transformation of achievements and improve operational efficiency. We should carry out R & D activities around industrial needs. In terms of R & D concept, guided by the construction of industry university research innovation consortium, promote new R & D institutions to take root in the "big cycle" of local leading industries; In the scientific research organization mode, laboratory research, engineering application and industrialization promotion are fully combined; In terms of partners, through the empowerment of digital technology, accurately grasp the needs of users and cooperate with enterprise users and leading users. We should establish a "whole chain incubation" mechanism. The government supports new R & D institutions to integrate technology maturation centers, pilot bases and investment and financing platforms in the region, realize the organic combination of innovation chain, industrial chain, capital chain and service chain, and form a whole chain Incubation Mechanism from team scientific and technological innovation to business incubation and then to industrial incubation. We should speed up the ripening process of achievements. Deeply integrate enterprises, promote the integration of product design and early stage of R & D, and improve the ability of R & D personnel to mature scientific and technological achievements; Establish a team of "research and application" cooperation to promote the R & D achievements to be "matured" in the production practice of the enterprise. Encourage enterprises and social forces to set up industrialization R & D funds and incubation funds for new R & D institutions, invest in the industrialization of achievements, and promote the "maturation" of achievements. Attract and train top talents and shape core competitiveness. We should vigorously introduce and cultivate strategic scientists, give full play to the superposition effect of major talent projects at the central and local levels, focus on introducing handsome scientists at home and abroad, implement large-scale and three-dimensional reform and exploration in the transformation of achievements, use of funds, project application, social security, individual income tax incentives, postgraduate training and postdoctoral recruitment, and ensure that talents at home and abroad enjoy the same treatment. At the same time, we should innovate the training mode, deeply implement the employment mechanism of personnel recruitment autonomy, salary incentive performance and income distribution enterprise, explore flexible talent introduction modes such as "migratory bird" employment, "offshore" R & D and "itinerant" service, and implement the combination of full-time employment and flexible employment. Strengthen "self hematopoiesis" and promote sustainable development. The first is to commercialize the operation mode, support new R & D institutions to explore diversified investment modes such as "talent team + local state-owned assets + social capital", establish mixed ownership companies, build a new equity structure, effectively solve the shortage of start-up funds and give full play to the construction role of multiple subjects. At the same time, adhere to improving the internal management system, vertically connect with the government, horizontally connect the industry, give play to the function of "contact station" externally and play the role of "booster" internally, encourage new R & D institutions to deeply embed into the local innovation network through technical alliances, cooperate with local scientific research institutes, enterprises, investment institutions and incubators, gather cross-border resources and improve market development ability. The second is the marketization of the incentive mechanism. On the premise of clear ownership of intellectual property rights and on the basis of reasonable interest distribution, take measures such as technology equity, conversion income reward and equity reward, explore and implement the incentive mechanism of "double linkage" between R & D risks and economic interests, and form a sustained and effective long-term incentive. Third, adhere to the orientation of R & D towards industrialization, support new R & D institutions to undertake the project of "being the leader", introduce professional managers and select and hire professional operation teams, strive to improve the level of achievement transformation and industrialization, and promote sustainable development. Strengthen monitoring and evaluation and guide connotation development. First, establish a dynamic monitoring system to dynamically monitor the development trends, existing problems and technical needs of new R & D institutions across the country, build an information source system covering technology, talents, achievements, products and markets, and promote the solution of problems such as poor industrialization of achievements and narrow channels of technology trading. Second, establish a market-oriented evaluation mechanism, focus on indicators such as "R & D capability, talent team, pilot test platform, incubation output and venture capital fund", conduct industry and classification evaluation, guide new R & D institutions to focus on connotation development, and make innovation and breakthroughs in management mechanism and operation mode. Third, establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism. Based on the above evaluation results, we will make competitive allocation and performance rewards, give priority to supporting institutions with outstanding achievements, institutions with insignificant rectification or even delisting effects or build unqualified institutions, and promote the overall quality iteration of new R & D institutions. (Xinhua News Agency)