Employment is the most basic support for economic development. China has always attached great importance to employment, regarded employment as an important part of improving people's livelihood and well-being, and continued to make positive progress in improving the quality of employment and people's income. This year's government work report proposed that the goal of employment in 2022 is to create more than 11 million new jobs in cities and towns, and the urban survey unemployment rate should be controlled within 5.5% throughout the year. Based on a comprehensive study of the situation at home and abroad, the risks and challenges facing China's development have increased significantly this year. In order to achieve the goal of stabilizing employment, we should grasp the key factors causing fluctuations in the labor market and implement an active employment policy according to the changing characteristics of the employment situation. Grasp the direction of stabilizing employment Maintaining an appropriate economic growth rate is an important prerequisite for maintaining the stability of the labor market. Therefore, the goal setting and policy tool selection of macro-control take whether employment stability can be achieved as an important basis. This year's government work report clearly pointed out that the setting of the expected target of economic growth mainly considers the need to stabilize employment, ensure people's livelihood and prevent risks. Among them, judging the nature and causes of unemployment is very important for determining the goal of economic growth rate and implementing targeted employment policies. The so-called nature of unemployment is to judge the main contradiction causing unemployment according to the relationship between labor market operation and economic operation. Generally speaking, we have observed two types of unemployment, namely, cyclical unemployment caused by economic fluctuations and natural unemployment caused by frictional and structural factors. Specifically, when the economy is running smoothly, the actual economic growth rate is similar to the potential economic growth rate. At this time, the unemployment rate and price level are in a relatively balanced state. Natural unemployment is the main contradiction to be solved in managing unemployment. To control natural unemployment, we should mainly take medium and long-term measures such as optimizing the employment structure and improving the operation efficiency of the labor market. When there is a total demand gap in the economy, it is easy to produce periodic unemployment. At this time, the economic growth rate is below the potential growth level, and the shortage of total jobs is the main contradiction in the labor market. To solve cyclical unemployment, we should start with the relationship between economic growth and employment, make up for the total demand gap, increase jobs and restore the balance between supply and demand in the labor market through the total loose macroeconomic policy. This year's government work report clearly expounds the relationship between achieving economic growth goals and stabilizing employment, which is very necessary under the current situation. To judge the relationship between economic growth and employment stability, we should pay attention to the proportional relationship between cyclical unemployment and natural unemployment. The quantitative relationship between them determines the direction and strength of active employment policy. Before the outbreak, although economic growth had been impacted by different factors, the economic growth rate had been maintained near the potential growth level. The overall situation of the labor market remained stable, and the urban survey unemployment rate remained at about 5%. At present, China's economy has changed from high-speed growth stage to high-quality development stage. As long as the economic growth rate remains near the potential growth rate, there will be no demand gap leading to a significant rise in unemployment rate. It should be noted that the outbreak of the epidemic not only has an impact on economic growth, but also greatly interferes with the operation of the labor market, and the impact of short-term growth fluctuations on employment stability has increased. Therefore, to implement the work objectives proposed in this year's government work report, we must continue to do a good job in the "six stabilities" and "six guarantees", strengthen cross cyclical and counter cyclical adjustment, and make good use of demand management tools to stabilize employment, so as to provide strong support for the smooth operation of the economy. The focus is to protect the main body of the market What cannot be ignored is that the epidemic has formed a continuous impact on the development of some industries. Due to the different impact of the epidemic on different industries, the policy effect of stabilizing employment is different between different industries and different groups. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the employment characteristics of various industries and groups and the impact of cyclical factors on these industries and groups, and implement targeted policies and measures. For example, the analysis shows that industries such as manufacturing, wholesale and retail, transportation, accommodation and catering are not only industries with concentrated employment, but also industries more sensitive to the impact of the epidemic. Therefore, we should take employment priority as the starting point and give targeted assistance to these industries. For another example, the impact of the epidemic is uneven, which is also reflected in the greater impact on industries with concentrated flexible employment. "Stabilizing employment" is an important basis for achieving progress while maintaining stability. From the implementation process of the "six stabilities" and "six guarantees", the main means to realize "stabilizing employment" and "ensuring residents' employment" is to ensure the main body of the market. Flexible employment personnel and small and micro enterprises are also important components of market players. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the accuracy of the policy in the actual implementation of the policy to ensure that the policy effect can truly reach small and micro enterprises and flexible employment groups. For another example, we should also pay attention to the employment of young people. For young people entering the labor market, there are two sources of employment: the creation of new jobs and the adjustment of original jobs. Under the impact of the epidemic, the overall supply-demand relationship in the labor market tends to be tense. In order to solve the employment problem of young people entering the labor market and maintain the stability of the original employment pattern, it is necessary to realize the Pareto improvement of employment in the labor market. Therefore, we should increase policy support, adhere to the combination of cross cyclical adjustment and counter cyclical adjustment, carefully introduce policies with contraction effect, and guide market expectations, so as to better stabilize market confidence and better promote youth employment. Targeted use of policy tools On the whole, the task of stabilizing employment in 2022 is still arduous. The main policy measures to stabilize the labor market should focus on the continuous impact of the epidemic impact and use targeted employment stabilization policy tools. On the one hand, we should strengthen the tracking, study and judgment of the employment situation. In order to achieve the work goal of "controlling the urban survey unemployment rate within 5.5% throughout the year", we should not only pay attention to the changes of the overall unemployment rate, but also analyze and judge the changes of unemployment composition in time. Only by grasping the change of the proportional relationship between cyclical unemployment and natural unemployment can the policy of stabilizing employment be more targeted. On the other hand, we should pay more attention to the important role of steady growth policies in maintaining the stability of the labor market. As the impact of the epidemic on the total and structure of employment is intertwined, higher requirements are put forward for macro-control policies and stable employment policies. This year's government work report clearly stated that "fiscal, taxation, financial and other policies should be implemented around employment first". In this regard, fiscal policies should be more active and promising, ensure the intensity of expenditure, accelerate the progress of expenditure, improve the accuracy of policies, expand the scope of the direct mechanism of normalized financial funds, and study and introduce more large-scale tax reduction and fee reduction measures; Monetary policy should maintain reasonable and sufficient liquidity, move forward, comprehensively use various policy tools to guide financial institutions to expand credit, support the development of the real economy, and reduce the financing cost of small and medium-sized enterprises. All these will help stabilize market players, ensure employment, and consolidate the foundation for stable economic operation and quality improvement. This year's "government work report" also stressed the implementation of the measures to stabilize employment. Including the continuous implementation of phased stable employment policies such as reducing unemployment and work-related injury insurance rates; Strengthen flexible employment services, improve social security policies for flexible employment, and carry out pilot projects to ensure occupational injury in new forms of employment; wait. For some industries with concentrated flexible employment, macro policy tools should be properly used to revitalize the service industry greatly affected by the epidemic, so as to achieve the goal of stabilizing and ensuring employment. It should also be noted that in the case of normalization of epidemic prevention and control, it is necessary to constantly improve the regular employment stabilization mechanism. Considering the characteristics of the current epidemic, we can consider giving full play to the advantages of insurance mutual assistance to compensate small and micro enterprises that temporarily terminate their economic activities affected by the epidemic, so that they can tide over the difficulties, quickly resume economic activities after the epidemic and maintain employment stability. Employment, connected to the general economic situation at one end and thousands of households at the other end, is the largest livelihood project and an important guarantee for social stability. At present, there are still many uncertainties in the global economic recovery and epidemic prevention and control. The foundation for the stable recovery of the domestic economy still needs to be further consolidated. The employment situation faces certain risks and uncertainties. We should continue to give more prominence to promoting employment, identify the current key points of stabilizing employment, make accurate efforts, strengthen the implementation of macro policies, strive to stabilize market players, ensure employment and maintain the overall stability of employment, Achieve fuller and higher quality employment. (Xinhua News Agency)