This is another landmark event of China's scientific and technological ethics governance after the establishment of the national scientific and Technological Ethics Committee. From the perspective of top-level design, basic structure and important measures of scientific and technological ethical governance, the opinions expounds the core issues of strengthening scientific and technological ethical governance at the national level: why should we strengthen scientific and technological ethical governance, what to follow to carry out scientific and technological ethical governance, who will do scientific and technological ethical governance, what and how to do scientific and technological ethical governance? It clarifies the importance and specific path of scientific and technological ethical governance from the concept and practice. Why should we strengthen the ethical governance of science and technology? Why is the state so concerned about science and technology ethics? The rapid development of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and gene editing assisted reproduction technology not only brings great benefits to mankind, but also constantly challenges the ethical bottom line and value scale. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of scientific and technological ethics events in China has aroused the continuous attention of social public opinion and international disputes, which has become a constraint on the development of the field of science and technology. It has become a common voice to cultivate and improve ethical awareness, strengthen the institutionalization of scientific and technological ethics, and promote the global governance of scientific and technological ethics. At the same time, through ethical research, reaching ethical consensus and forming ethical norms and standards, it has also become an important way to obtain the "final interpretation right" of scientific and technological ethics disputes and judge whether to open cutting-edge research and technological application, which reflects the discourse right of scientific and technological ethics in cutting-edge exploration, technological development and application of achievements. It is one of the "soft power" of a country's scientific and technological development. From this perspective, understanding the science and technology ethics in the new era, establishing the awareness of science and technology ethics, understanding the ethical norms, standardizing research behavior and consolidating the discourse power of international ethics are not only the key to the stable and far-reaching development of scientific and technological innovation activities and the healthy development of science and technology, but also an important support for building a world power in science and technology. Why do we carry out scientific and technological ethical governance? Scientific and technological progress has changed the limitations of human living conditions and the state of life, but how and to what extent the change is acceptable is uncertain and controversial. Science and technology ethics is to establish a set of normative basis for science and technology evaluation and decision-making based on the principle of rational debate, solve the uncertainty of various norms and principles that inevitably appear with the progress of science and technology, and provide help for ethical thinking and responsible decision-making. With the advancement of ethical reasoning, it is necessary to form a more specific moral code (refinement of principles) system, constantly refine and propose different solutions to judge the specific scene. As presented in the opinions, on the basis of fully drawing on the experience of the international community and uniting the consensus of all parties, it puts forward the scientific and technological ethical principles that should be followed in carrying out scientific and technological activities: promoting human well-being, respecting the right to life, adhering to fairness and justice, reasonably controlling risks and maintaining openness and transparency, and establishes the guiding ideology of China's scientific and technological ethical governance and five basic requirements for strengthening scientific and technological ethical governance, At the same time, it puts forward one of the key tasks of strengthening the theoretical research of scientific and technological ethics at the present stage - strengthening the theoretical research of scientific and technological ethics at the present stage. Who will do the ethical governance of science and technology? The regulation of scientific and Technological Development in modern society is no longer limited to moral discussion and restriction, but gradually form an ethical governance mechanism to ensure that mankind can make full use of and enjoy the well-being of scientific and Technological Development and prevent possible risks and hazards. The term "governance" has been widely used since the 1990s. The topic of science and governance began to rise at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. Different from the top-down "management" and "rule", governance is the sum of many ways in which various public or private individuals and institutions manage their common things. It is a process rather than a set of rules, and the basis of governance is not control but coordination. Governance emphasizes the mechanism, which is the coordinated behavior of different social roles for the common goal. The governance mechanism of science and technology ethics is a governance system composed of multi-body participation and diversification, which involves not only the public sector, but also different groups and individuals; The science and technology ethics system takes the ethical issues in the development of science and technology as the core, and emphasizes the participation of various stakeholders and the communication, consultation and coordination among multiple subjects. As put forward in the opinions on science and technology ethics, "accelerate the construction of science and technology ethics system with Chinese characteristics, and improve the science and technology ethics governance system and mechanism of multi-party participation and collaborative governance". How to do the ethical governance of science and technology? This is the key to the solid promotion of ethical governance from the practical level. Science and technology ethics involves or may involve a variety of practical fields, from specific laboratory research to scientific research funding, from science and technology decision-making consultation to public understanding of science, from the role of science and technology in the economic field to sustainable development. Science and technology ethics system is a systematic project for different subjects to participate in science and technology ethics research and consultation, laws and norms, review and control, treatment and supervision, publicity and education Supervise and manage, guide and regulate scientific research, technology development, application and industrialization activities, follow the principle of promoting human well-being, respecting the right to life, adhering to fairness and justice and effectively controlling risks. In this process, we should build the institutional system needed for scientific and technological ethical governance, such as ethical review system and ethical education system, clarify the responsibility subject, operation mode and safeguard measures of various system design, and build a scientific and technological ethical governance system composed of multi-subject participation and diversified governance means. It must be acknowledged that, on the one hand, China's scientific and technological innovation is developing rapidly and facing increasing scientific and technological ethical challenges. We urgently need to effectively avoid the possible ethical risks caused by scientific and technological innovation, systematically foresee, weigh and deal with the ethical conflicts at the forefront of science and technology, and beware of rushing into the ethical "forbidden zone". On the other hand, there are still some problems in China's scientific and technological ethics governance, such as imperfect system and mechanism, imperfect system and unbalanced field development, which are difficult to meet the practical needs of the development of scientific and technological innovation. So how can the future be sound? To strengthen the governance of science and technology ethics in China, we need to highlight the problem orientation, strengthen the system deployment, focus on strengthening the institutionalization and capacity-building, actively promote the review and supervision of science and technology ethics, deploy the education and dissemination of science and technology ethics, and effectively and orderly promote the governance of science and technology ethics. Improving the governance system of science and technology ethics and clarifying the main responsibilities and division of responsibilities of management subjects and innovation subjects in science and technology management and science and technology activities are the institutionalized construction of strengthening the governance of science and technology ethics. Based on the concept of governance, the focus is to clarify the responsibility subjects of management departments / legislative bodies, universities / scientific research institutions / enterprises, social organizations, the public and other parties, their respective responsibilities in different matters such as ethical law, ethical policy, ethical norm formulation, ethical review, ethical research, ethical education and dissemination, and establish mutual cooperation / cooperation mechanisms to jointly solve the ethical, social and legal problems they face. From source research, process supervision to social support, comprehensively promote the construction of scientific and technological ethics governance system, and then promote the gradual improvement of governance mechanism. Establishing and perfecting the norms and standards of science and technology ethics, improving the review and supervision of science and technology ethics, and strengthening the education and publicity of science and technology ethics are the capacity-building of strengthening the governance of science and technology ethics. Scientific and technological ethical norms and standards are the guarantee conditions of ethical governance. Ethical governance first needs to clarify the basis for regulation. On the basis of following the basic ethical principles, we should explore the possible application of basic principles, norms and standards in the Chinese context, adapt to and respond to the local special social and cultural values and needs, and actively promote and participate in the discussion of major issues and rule-making of international science and technology ethics. This requires strengthening the training of research talents and discipline construction of Engineering Science and technology ethics, increasing the support of funding institutions and management departments for engineering science and technology ethics research, and professional societies and industry associations to take the lead in drafting and publishing professional consensus on ethical principles and norms for R & D, application and industrialization in complex and sensitive fields in various fields. Ethical review and supervision of science and technology is an important guarantee for ethical governance. Ethical review system, laws and regulations and supervision and management are specific methods and measures. This requires perfecting the ethical review system represented by the ethics committee, clarifying the scope of ethical review and formulating the ethical review system; The construction of ethical laws and regulations should go hand in hand with the progress of science and technology, accelerate the frontier exploration, technology development, application and industrialization of artificial intelligence, medical diagnosis, automatic driving, synthetic biology, UAV and other fields, and clarify the penalties and law enforcement mechanism for ethical violations; Focusing on the ethical supervision of science and technology projects, it comprehensively covers all links such as guide preparation, project approval, process management, final acceptance, supervision and evaluation. The education and dissemination of science and technology ethics is the social basis of ethical governance. The education and dissemination of science and technology ethics is reflected in the effective social support for the development and supervision of science and technology. It is necessary to take science and technology ethics education as an important part of the education of undergraduate and graduate students in relevant professional disciplines, and encourage colleges and universities to set up courses related to science and technology ethics education; We need to give full play to the respective advantages of education departments, professional societies, industry associations and research institutions, and cover the dissemination and training of scientific and technological ethics to scientific and technological management cadres, scientific researchers, engineering and technical personnel, media practitioners and the public. (Xinhua News Agency)