March 4 is the international HPV awareness day. HPV is human papillomavirus. The reason why it has received so much attention is that HPV infection can lead to cervical cancer. According to statistics, the number of new cases of cervical cancer in the world was 604 thousand in 2020, and the number of deaths was 342 thousand. The incidence rate and mortality rate of cervical cancer ranked fourth in the world. Fortunately, cervical cancer is the only cancer with clear etiology. HPV infection can be prevented by vaccination, so as to reduce the probability of cervical cancer. Experts suggest that priority should be given to recommending HPV vaccination for women aged 9 to 26, especially before the age of 17 and before their first sexual intercourse, so as to maximize the benefits of vaccination; It is also recommended that qualified women aged 27 to 45 be vaccinated against HPV. However, the news on the Internet about how to choose this needle is dazzling. In order to make the HPV vaccine for female friends clear, the reporter of science and technology daily interviewed relevant experts to bring you authoritative interpretation. Bivalent vaccine can play a preventive role At present, HPV vaccines approved for marketing in China include two bivalent vaccines, one tetravalent vaccine and one nine valent vaccine. The suitable age for bivalent and tetravalent HPV vaccines is 9 to 45 years old, and the suitable age for bivalent vaccines is 16 to 26 years old. All four vaccines need to be vaccinated with 3 shots, and the vaccination will be completed within 6 months. Experts said that there are 14 types of high-risk HPV causing cervical cancer, of which the most common are 16 and 18 types, which will cause about 70% of cervical cancer. The bivalent vaccine prevents HPV16 and 18; Tetravalent is to increase the prevention of HPV6 and 11 low-risk viruses on the basis of bivalent; Based on the tetravalent vaccine, the nine valent vaccine has increased the prevention of HPV31, 33, 45, 52 and 58, which can prevent 90% of cervical cancer. "Seeing that HPV vaccine is divided into two prices, four prices and nine prices, many girls' sexual friends began to struggle about which kind of vaccination is better." Xue Fengxia, member of the Standing Committee of the branch of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Chinese Medical Association and chief physician of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, said in an interview with science and technology daily, "HPV types 16 and 18 are the main causes of cervical cancer. In fact, vaccination with bivalent vaccine can play a preventive role. You can choose the corresponding vaccine according to the age limit of the vaccine. There is no need to wait for more prices blindly, and there is no need to tangle over several prices. The earlier the vaccine is played, the better. Instead of waiting and entanglement, it is better to take action as soon as possible and don't miss the precious opportunity to stay away from cervical cancer." Vaccine protection period or more than 10 years Since the HPV vaccine came into market in 2006, long-term follow-up studies have confirmed that the protective effect of HPV vaccine can be up to 10 years and shows a 12-year protective trend. Xue Fengxia said that however, it is not completely clear how many years immune protection can be maintained after the final HPV vaccine, and it remains to be followed up and further scientific research. Cervical cancer screening is best before vaccination If you have been regularly screened for cervical cancer according to the cervical cancer screening requirements before HPV vaccination, and there are no abnormal screening results, you may not need to deliberately carry out cervical cancer screening (including HPV testing or cervical cytology screening) before vaccination. If you have not received regular cervical cancer screening before HPV vaccination, it is recommended to conduct cervical cancer screening. If there are abnormal screening results, you should consult a doctor for colposcopy and other corresponding examinations. "It should be noted that vaccination with HPV vaccine does not mean that you will not suffer from cervical cancer for life. The majority of female friends still need to conduct cervical cancer screening regularly to screen out other HPV subtype infections and related diseases not included in the vaccine in time, so as to achieve early detection and early treatment." Xue Fengxia stressed. (outlook new era)