(students of secondary vocational school in cengong County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province are studying fashion design.) (students from the school of digital creativity and animation of Shenzhen Vocational and technical college are taking practical training courses.) (students from the school of Electronic Science and engineering of Hunan information university do experiments in the course of power electronic technology.) "The child will take the high school entrance examination next year, and his grades can't be improved. Sending him to vocational high school is also an option." Mr. Fang, from Luoyang, Henan Province, talked about his son's enrollment and had a new plan. Not long ago, the general office of the CPC Central Committee and the general office of the State Council issued the opinions on promoting the high-quality development of modern vocational education (hereinafter referred to as the opinions), which put forward the overall goal of basically completing the modern vocational education system by 2025 and entering the forefront of the world by 2035, and pressed the "accelerating key" for the vigorous development of vocational education. So, what achievements have been made in the reform and development of vocational education? How should vocational education take every step from top-level design to vision implementation? Crack the "emphasis on general employment and neglect of Posts" and change the fate of employment Shandong guy Xiuchen graduated from an applied undergraduate college this year and entered a car enterprise to engage in automobile assembly. Claiming that he had no sense of existence in school since childhood, he has become an "invisible champion" among his peers. Xiuchen felt that it was wise to take the initiative to choose vocational school. In the third grade of junior middle school, Xiuchen's academic performance has been hovering on the edge of getting into an ordinary high school. "There was just '3 + 4' enrollment at that time. After discussing with my family, I decided to apply for secondary vocational school," Xiuchen said. The so-called "3 + 4" is a pilot school system connecting secondary vocational education with higher general education. Students study in secondary vocational schools in the first three years. After passing the transition evaluation of professional skills + cultural theory, they can enter undergraduate colleges jointly run with secondary vocational schools to study application-oriented majors in the next four years. Xiuchen believes that it is the promotion mechanism of Vocational and general education that gives him the opportunity to improve his education and change his destiny. In response to the opinions on accelerating the establishment of the "vocational education college entrance examination" system and promoting the improvement of quality and excellence of higher vocational education, Zhao Zhiqun, Professor of the Institute of Vocational and adult education of Beijing Normal University, said: "Vocational education emphasizes hands-on practical ability, while general education focuses on abstract thinking ability. Accelerating the establishment of the 'vocational education college entrance examination' system and exploring examination methods that pay equal attention to professional skills and cultural quality will help vocational school students with hands-on practical ability stronger than abstract thinking ability to obtain opportunities for higher education and promote educational equity." When it comes to vocational education, sun, in his 60s, still remembers his experience when he was young. "I was mowing grass and feeding sheep in my hometown in the countryside. One day I heard that the technical school in Xi'an was going to recruit students in the village. I was very excited." Sun reviewed and prepared for the exam with several partners of the same age. Unfortunately, he failed to do so due to the limited number of students. "In those days, if anyone could learn a craft and become a worker in the factory, he would have a bright face." Lao sun's words are true. In the 1970s and 1980s, manufacturing workers were the ideal job search target for young people. But now in the eyes of Lao sun's daughter, smoothly entering ordinary high school and passing the high school entrance examination to the ideal university is the "right way" for children to become talents. General education and vocational education are two parallel types of education. How can the two roads become a one-way street? The reporter found in the interview that some parents think that attending vocational schools is a "loser" Forced to choose. Yu Jie, a class teacher in the third grade of a middle school in Beijing, found that on the way to help their children enter the ordinary high school, parents will spend a lot of time and energy, but rarely take the initiative to consult the enrollment information of secondary vocational schools before the middle school entrance examination. "Most parents will associate entrance and employment with general education, and vocational education is rarely in their consideration." On the one hand, parents are "unable to go to college and find a job" for vocational education On the other hand, there is China's urgent demand for highly skilled professionals in the process of moving from a large manufacturing country to a powerful manufacturing country. The data show that the talent gap in China's top ten key areas of manufacturing industry will reach 19 million in 2020, and the figure may be close to 30 million by 2025. Vocational education is not attractive enough for students, which is obviously not conducive to providing sufficient technical support for national economic development Technical and talent support. Zhao Zhiqun said: "receiving vocational education does not mean 'inferior' and even has more advantages in employment. Parents should change the concept of 'emphasizing general education over Posts' as soon as possible and look at their children's school path from a pragmatic and long-term perspective." Strengthen school enterprise cooperation and help students become talents The primary task of vocational education is to enable students to truly master professional skills. How to cultivate skilled craftsmen with real talent and learning? The reporter heard that the respondents repeatedly mentioned a key subject: enterprises. "When I was in secondary vocational school, the models used in the training course were provided by some car companies. When I was a junior, I went to practice in the enterprise and learned much more than in the classroom in the previous two years." Xiuchen believes that the enterprise is the "first classroom" of learning skills He Jianmin, a teacher in the Department of financial management of Hunan Information University, also believes that the ideal teaching method is to be led by professional teachers to lead students into the accounting work scene of enterprises and use the knowledge learned in practice. In Germany, where the development level of vocational education is high, enterprises and schools jointly carry out the "dual system" training system of vocational education, which has successfully transported a large number of excellent professional and technical talents to various industries. Among them, enterprises undertake about 70% of the training tasks, and the students' learning is closely related to the needs of enterprises. "The enterprise is the source of technological innovation and application. The enterprise has the clearest answer to what kind of posts need people and what kind of people they need." Yang Xinbin, Secretary of the Party committee of Shenzhen Vocational and technical college, believes that school enterprise cooperation is the key training mechanism to help students become talents. In recent years, the college has cooperated deeply with Huawei, BYD and other enterprises to jointly develop curriculum standards and establish off campus training bases, so that students can solve the practical problems faced by enterprises on the teaching equipment updated with enterprises. Zhao Zhiqun pointed out that for enterprises, school enterprise cooperation seems to be a net investment. In fact, it can save recruitment costs and reserve a group of "ready to fight" talents for their own development. In the cooperation between the two sides, vocational schools should dare to make flexible adjustments to the proportion of theoretical and practical teaching, and at the same time, they should effectively protect students' internship and practical rights and interests. Liu Lanming, vice president of Beijing Institute of industry and technology, believes that the fundamental way to improve the status of Vocational Education in the eyes of parents and students is to run a number of undergraduate vocational colleges that meet the actual needs of enterprises, have high teaching quality and good employment prospects. Innovate the education model and improve the support mechanism As a teacher who has just graduated from ordinary colleges and universities, He Min frankly said that teaching in Application-oriented Colleges and universities still needs to be adapted. "At first, I focused on theoretical knowledge in class, but found that students are more interested in methods that can be directly used for work". In order to improve the teaching quality of vocational education, we need a group of "double qualified" teachers (usually referring to teachers who have both theoretical and practical teaching quality). Implementation plan of national vocational education reform It is proposed that from 2019, relevant professional teachers in Application-oriented Undergraduate Colleges and universities will, in principle, be publicly recruited from personnel with more than 3 years of enterprise work experience and higher vocational education, which means that enterprise technical talents are expected to become the main source of vocational teachers. "Enterprise talents with vocational skills do not necessarily have teaching ability, so they can not be directly certified as qualified vocational education teachers." Zhao Zhiqun said that at present, the recognition methods of "double qualified" teachers' qualification are not exactly the same. Only after unified certification standards can certification processes such as professional evaluation and teaching ability test be established. However, how to attract enterprise workers to teach in vocational schools is also a topic. "Mature technical backbone is a valuable asset for enterprises, and generally speaking, the salary that vocational schools can provide for teachers is not as good as that of enterprises. Allowing front-line talents to teach in vocational schools full-time may exacerbate the shortage of industrial talents." Zhao Zhiqun believes that "Double Teachers" The cultivation should realize the "two-way rush" of schools and enterprises, not only support the regular training of vocational school teachers in enterprises, but also improve the mutual employment mechanism between schools and enterprises, and allow enterprise personnel to teach flexibly. Novel coronavirus pneumonia affects many vocational schools, but many teachers have to carry out online teaching. However, many teachers reflect that the theoretical courses move smoothly from face-to-face to online, while the practice training teaching is greatly affected. The survey data show that over 60% of the institutions are less than half of the occupation teaching and practical teaching, and the 1/3 institutions have not carried out the practice teaching at all. In this regard, Han Xibin, Professor of the Institute of education of Tsinghua University, believes that informatization is the core element to promote the high-quality development of vocational education, and the hybrid teaching of online and offline integration is a new mode of vocational education and teaching in the future. The virtual simulation training system constructed by using virtual reality, algorithm simulation and other technologies can create an online practice environment for students with the support of 5g technology. "Vocational education digital resources have difficulties such as high technical content, strong professionalism, large cost investment and long development cycle. It is necessary to promote the construction in the integration of industry and education and school enterprise cooperation." Han Xibin said that promoting the development of vocational education informatization requires the participation of schools, enterprises, communities, governments and research institutions to cultivate a normalized support mechanism. "Vocational education is to teach people to fish. We look forward to making everyone have brilliant opportunities through the way of 'vocational education, employment and prosperity'." Xu Jianling, President of Shenzhen Vocational and technical college, said. (Xinhua News Agency)