The UK's Physical World magazine announced on December 7th the top ten breakthroughs for 2023, covering topics from astronomy and medical physics research to quantum science, atomic physics, and more. Two medical achievements related to the growth of electrodes in living tissues and the restoration of spinal cord injury patients' walking through digital bridges have been selected for this ranking. Swedish scientists have developed a method of directly creating electronic circuits within living tissue, connecting neural tissue to electronic devices, providing a way to study complex electrical signals in the nervous system or regulate neural circuits to treat diseases. Another Swiss research team has developed a "digital bridge" between the patient's brain and spinal cord, allowing patients with spinal cord injuries to regain direct control of leg movements after implantation surgery. In terms of basic physics, the results of neutrino detection of proton structure, gravity exploration of antimatter, and double slit demonstration of time were selected. The US and Canadian teams demonstrated how to collect information about the internal structure of protons from neutrinos scattered from plastic targets, further elucidating how neutrinos interact with matter. The ALPHA-g experiment at the European Nuclear Center directly observed for the first time that the reaction of anti hydrogen atoms to gravity is roughly the same as that of matter, opening the door to new physics beyond the standard model. The British team demonstrated Yang's double slit time interference, which can be applied to optical switches for signal processing and communication or optical computing. In astronomical research, simulations of the expanding universe and early galaxy changes in the Bose Einstein condensate (BEC) have been selected as ironclad evidence. The German, Spanish, and Belgian teams used BEC to simulate the expanding universe and its internal quantum fields, allowing people to understand how the real universe has become what it is today. Another group of scientists used the James Webb Space Telescope to find convincing evidence that early galaxies led to the re ionization of the early universe. In the field of materials science, the first atomic X-ray image and supersonic cracks in materials were selected. The American team uses synchrotron X-rays to image individual atoms, which can detect extremely low levels of toxic substances. The Israeli team found that crack propagation speed in certain materials can exceed the speed of sound, which contradicts previous experimental results and predictions based on classical theory. In addition, the construction module of large-scale quantum networks has also been selected. The Austrian and French teams have built a quantum repeater and used it to transmit quantum information over a distance of 50 kilometers through standard telecommunications fibers, demonstrating the key functions of long-distance quantum networks in all individual systems. (Lai Xin She)