During the solar term, the vast farmland was busy. In the southern rice region, early rice began to be harvested, and late rice was quickly planted. Farmers in Northeast and North China worked hard to do a good job in field management of corn, rice, soybeans and so on. The latest data from the National Bureau of statistics showed that this year's summer grain output reached 294.8 billion jin, an increase of 2.87 billion jin over the previous year, and the first battle of grain production in the whole year was won. After a third of the winter wheat late sowing, multi-point outbreak, agricultural prices and other challenges, how can summer grain increase production? What are the stories behind it? The reporter interviewed grain farmers, scientific and technological personnel and heads of relevant departments on the 14th. Fight: overcome difficulties and win a good harvest Referring to the experience of planting this season's wheat, Zhao Menghui, a major grain farmer in Renze District, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, can be described as a "roller coaster". Zhao Menghui manages more than 800 mu of grain fields. In July and August last year, the fields suffered from serious flooding, and the yield of corn was greatly reduced. In October, it rained for more than 10 consecutive days, and there was water in the field, so it was impossible to sow wheat. Just when he was about to give up this season, the District Agricultural technician found him and formulated a technical plan: pay close attention to drainage and drying, turn the land deeply when the agricultural machinery can enter the land, dry and disperse the moisture, and rotary tillage for sowing. At the same time, we should increase the amount of sowing and select high-quality fertilizers and improved seeds. Finally, in the first and middle of November, the land was sown. "My wheat is sown at the beginning of winter. Will the wheat seedlings freeze to death when they come out?" Zhao Menghui was still worried when the ground was planted. At the critical moment, the agricultural technicians gave guidance again. In spring, he watered three waters, applied quick acting nitrogen fertilizer, and sprayed leaf fertilizer three times. Seeing that the wheat grew better and better, he finally breathed a sigh of relief. The average yield per mu is 1180 Jin. Coupled with the good price this year, the net income per mu is more than 500 yuan, which is the best benefit he has cultivated for many years. Zhao Menghui's experience has been personally experienced by many wheat growers. Panwenbo, director of the Department of crop management of the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas, said that it was not easy to increase production and harvest of summer wheat this year. It was achieved by fighting disasters and harvesting a bumper harvest after encountering a rare autumn flood, and then increasing production at a high level at a historical high. He said that the area of summer grain this year reached 398million mu, an increase of 1.38 million mu over the previous year, of which the area of winter wheat decreased by 1.01 million mu due to the rare autumn flood, but the northwest and other places increased the planting of Spring Wheat by 1.77 million mu in summer, realizing "supplementing winter with spring". The southern region will expand 620000 mu of miscellaneous grains and beans to achieve "supplementing wheat with miscellaneous crops". The yield of summer grain per mu reached 370.4 kg, an increase of 2.3 kg over the previous year. Thanks to various measures to promote weakness and strength after the beginning of spring, good weather conditions and long grouting time after the beginning of summer have significantly increased the grain weight of wheat. The increase of unit yield contributed 64% to the increase of production. The summer harvest and spring wheat have made outstanding contributions. This year, Xinjiang reduced the number of cotton and other crops in secondary suitable areas and increased the planting of Spring Wheat by more than 600000 mu, Gansu resumed cultivation and abandoned land by more than 400000 mu, and Ningxia adjusted the crop structure and increased the planting of Spring Wheat by more than 300000 mu. The national summer harvest of spring wheat increased by 1.23 billion jin, accounting for 43% of the increase in summer grain production. Pan Wenbo said that in the 11 major winter wheat producing provinces, every effort was made to fight floods and rush to seed to stabilize the area, and multiple measures were taken to promote the weak to strong to make up for the early impact. Finally, 8 provinces increased production and 3 provinces achieved average production. Liang: technology helps grow good wheat "I have worked on wheat for more than 40 years. I haven't seen the complex wheat seedlings before last winter. Finally, I got a good harvest without danger. The key is to scientifically fight against disasters and deal with late sowing, so that farmers know how to plant; scientific field management and precise guidance, so that farmers know how to promote." Zhao Guangcai, consultant of the wheat expert steering group of the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas and researcher of the Institute of Crop Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said. According to him, science and technology have played an important role in increasing summer grain production this year: For late sowing, the expert guidance group has formulated a technical plan to guide farmers to select early maturing and high-yield varieties, increase the amount of sowing to ensure the population, carefully prepare the land, plant seeds with appropriate moisture, and appropriately apply base fertilizer. At the same time, we should promote the weak to become strong. We will focus on guiding all localities to advance the time of field management from the starting and jointing period to the turning green period, and take measures such as hoeing to increase temperature and promote early development, suppressing soil moisture conservation to promote turning green, increasing phosphorus fertilizer to promote root growth, and fertilizer and water management to promote transformation. "When I was guiding in Hebei, some farmers wanted to destroy the seeds in some wheat fields that were covered in the soil. We ripped open the soil and found that the seeds had sprouted. We suggested farmers to wait patiently and strengthen the management of fertilizer and water after the seedlings emerged. Finally, we hit 800 or 900 kilograms per mu." Zhao Guangcai said. "One spray, Three Preventions" is the key to improve unit yield. In the wheat filling period, insecticides, fungicides and plant growth regulators are mixed and applied, and one-time spraying can prevent premature aging, dry hot wind and diseases and pests. This is the most direct and effective measure to increase grain weight, increase unit yield and prevent and reduce disasters in the later stage of wheat. According to the monitoring of the State Grain and material reserve bureau, wheat above the second grade in the main production areas accounted for more than 90% this year. The proportion of high-quality special wheat nationwide reached 38.5%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year. Reality: grasp every season to welcome the bumper year Now is the peak season for wheat purchase and sales. What the farmers are most concerned about is high yield and increased income. It is understood that after the listing of wheat this year, the price opened higher and went higher, because the quality of wheat is good, and the market for high quality and good price is expected to rise strongly; The sharp rise in wheat prices in the international market has strengthened the transmission effect on domestic wheat. At the same time, the high price of agricultural materials has pushed up production costs. Experts believe that at present, China's wheat supply is guaranteed, the later price will remain stable, and the wheat price is in a reasonable range, which is conducive to mobilizing farmers' enthusiasm for planting. At the same time, we should also remind farmers to pay close attention to the market situation, do not blindly hoard grain and store grain, grasp the opportunity to sell grain, and achieve a bumper harvest. Pan Wenbo said that the most fundamental reason for the bumper harvest of summer grain and wheat this year is the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee. All localities and departments strictly implement food security. The party and government share the same responsibility and work together to shoulder the heavy responsibilities. The majority of scientific and technological workers and farmers work hard to overcome difficulties. This laid the foundation for the annual grain output to remain above 1.3 trillion Jin, and provided a solid support for stabilizing prices and increasing confidence. Spring vies for the sun and summer for the time. At present, the harvest of early rice in the South has begun, the planting of late rice is expected to end in early August, and the sowing of summer corn and summer soybean has been landed. The area of autumn grain has increased steadily, and its growth is generally normal. The agricultural and rural departments will guide all localities to strive for a bumper harvest based on the fight against disasters, fight for another 100 days, and go all out to achieve a bumper harvest of autumn grain and grain throughout the year. (Xinhua News Agency)