From "burning it" to making the most of "straw", behind this change lies a profound shift in development philosophy, strong support from technological innovation, precise guidance from national policies, and solid support from the agricultural industry system. Walking on the vast fields, one can always feel the strong pulse of modern agriculture from the smallest details. The transformation of the role of straw is an excellent perspective for observation. In the past, straw was a lingering "worry" for farmers. "If you don't burn it, it will pile up like a mountain with nowhere to put it; if you burn it, the thick smoke will be annoying. With the improvement of the agricultural industry system, there is a new answer to the question of whether straw is a waste from grain production or a resource misplaced. According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the production of crop straw in China has been increasing year by year. Currently, the national production of crop straw is 867 million tons, with a collectable amount of 733 million tons and a comprehensive utilization rate of 88.3%. Nowadays, straw has transformed into fertilizer, feed, energy, base materials, and even industrial raw materials, becoming a vivid footnote to China's march towards modern agriculture. During an interview in the central plains of Hebei, the author noticed that large harvesters drove through wheat fields, not only returning the grains to the warehouse, but also evenly spreading the crushed wheat straw back to the field. The agricultural technology expert who is guiding the operation at the edge of the field explained: "This machine is equipped with a straw crushing and scattering device, which, when combined with subsequent rotary tillage and deep plowing, can 'dry and squeeze' the straw, turning it into organic fertilizer that nourishes the land. Promoting the comprehensive utilization of straw and scientifically returning it to the field is an important lever. Implementing straw returning to the field based on temperature, rainfall, and cultivation conditions, while integrating measures such as soil rotation and high-yield cultivation, can help improve the organic matter content and water and fertilizer retention capacity of cultivated land. Entering a large-scale beef cattle farm, stacks of neatly stacked silage straw bags covered with plastic film are eye-catching. Corn stalks, which farmers used to find troublesome as firewood, have been crushed, shredded, and fermented with added bacterial strains to become nutritious and beloved "compressed biscuits" for cattle and sheep. Silage straw not only solves the problem of straw export for the villagers who grow grain, but also reduces the feeding cost of a large part of the breeding farm, which can be said to kill two birds with one stone. In recent years, the utilization of straw feed in China has developed rapidly, with an annual utilization rate increasing by about 2 percentage points and an annual utilization volume of 173 million tons. The conversion of straw into livestock "food" helps reduce costs and increase efficiency in animal husbandry. This "combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, planting and breeding cycle" model effectively connects planting and animal husbandry, and improves the overall efficiency of agriculture. It is precisely the essence of modern ecological agriculture. The 'ability' of straw is far more than that. In some areas with high energy demand, straw has become a new choice for clean energy through bundling direct combustion, pyrolysis gasification, straw biogas and other methods. This not only alleviates energy pressure, but also meets the requirements of the national "dual carbon" goal, contributing to the optimization of rural energy structure and ecological environment protection. There are also some places that have taken a unique approach and turned straw into treasure, playing with new tricks. For example, using straw as a cultivation medium to plant edible fungi has achieved the goal of "turning grass into gold". Nowadays, straw has become a new way for farmers to increase their income and become prosperous, and has also expanded the width and depth of the agricultural industry chain. Straw is the "five grains and miscellaneous grains" of herbivorous animals, a "zero carbon emission" biomass energy source, and an important source of added value for the "agricultural tail foreman" industry. Behind this change from "burning it all" to making the most of "straw" lies a profound shift in development philosophy, strong support from technological innovation, precise guidance from national policies, and solid support from the agricultural industry system. The "Plan for Accelerating the Construction of an Agricultural Strong Country (2024-2035)" clearly proposes to "promote the upgrading of the agricultural industry system throughout the entire chain". The practice of comprehensive utilization of straw is a vivid manifestation of the upgrading of the agricultural industry system. It is no longer the final treatment of a single link, but runs through multiple links such as agricultural production, processing, energy, and environmental protection, forming a new and green circular industry chain. The future of agriculture lies in continuously improving the modern agricultural industry system. This year, the No. 1 central document proposed to support the comprehensive utilization of straw. From 'usable' to 'easy to use', and then to 'high-value utilization', the '72 transformations' of straw will continue to unfold. There is reason to believe that as long as we continue to explore and work hard for a long time, we will be able to make the best use of every straw, let the vast fields continue to shine with vitality, and lay a solid foundation for the construction of an agricultural power. (New Society)