Against the backdrop of increasingly fierce global technological competition, governments of technologically advanced countries have achieved significant results in promoting the construction of strategic technological capabilities and enhancing integrated capabilities through careful planning. Its approach is mainly reflected in formulating long-term technology strategies, sustained high-intensity investment in basic research, attracting high-end scientific and technological talents, enterprise led deep integration of industry, academia and research, stimulating social vitality of innovation ecology, and extensively carrying out international scientific and technological cooperation. Develop long-term technology strategies and dynamically update them in response to national strategic needs. Technologically developed countries are led by key government departments to formulate forward-looking and strategic plans for scientific and technological development. Institutional innovation leads the layout of national strategic scientific and technological forces, clarifies the direction of strategic scientific and technological forces, and forms an organized scientific research and innovation model for continuous breakthroughs in cutting-edge technologies. If an authoritative department takes the lead in forming a committee, and collaborates with experts from multiple departments to release a national standard strategy and implementation roadmap for key and emerging technologies, dynamically update the technology list, clarify key technology areas, development goals, and strategic measures; Coordinate the efforts of leading enterprises, relevant research institutes, national laboratories, and other forces in the field of science and technology, promote interdisciplinary and cross disciplinary integrated research, and jointly develop new technologies with national strategic scientific and technological forces and push them to the market; Focusing on key technological areas, with a particular emphasis on future industrial sectors, accelerating the application and implementation of disruptive innovative technologies, continuously improving relevant laws and regulations, and providing support and supervision for the application of disruptive innovative technologies. Focusing on strategic technological directions, we aim to cultivate high-end technology talents globally. High end technological talents are the lifeblood of a country's strategic technological strength. Technologically developed countries attach great importance to the cultivation of local scientific and technological talents, especially top-notch innovative talents and outstanding engineering talents, optimize the education system, and form talent density and height. At the same time, various policies are being implemented globally to attract high-level talents to converge with the main body of national strategic scientific and technological forces, forming a strategic scientific and technological talent development system that combines education, interdisciplinary studies, gradient integration, and open mobility. Especially focusing on enterprises as the main body, promoting the complementarity of industry and education functions and the integration of resources, cultivating new types of transformational talents, and maximizing the stimulation of collective wisdom and the foresight of leading individuals. In addition, entrepreneurship education will be placed at the center of the education operation system, gradually forming an education system that cultivates young entrepreneurs, and creating a talent attraction, education, utilization, and retention ecosystem that combines rigid and mobile intelligence. Support enterprises to lead the deep integration of industry, academia, and research, and cultivate advantages in emerging industries. In terms of building a leading advantage in strategic emerging industries, major technologically developed countries take major industrial demands as the driving force, carry out joint research and development with national laboratories, high-level research universities and other entities, and form offensive and defensive alliances. By doing so, we can assist technology leaders in accelerating breakthroughs in key core technologies, cultivating core user bases, and building key application scenarios, enabling them to quickly develop vertical innovation capabilities, market coverage capabilities, and risk resistance capabilities. In order to grasp the leading position of strategic emerging industries and future industries, relevant proposals and laws are issued, and new scientific research institutions such as the Future Industry Research Institute are established to support the industrial technology innovation system led by technology leading enterprises and deep integration of industry, academia and research. Efforts are made to gather strength to achieve industrial technology leadership and rapid industrialization, ensuring its global leading and dominant advantages in related technology fields. Cultivate an open and open-source ecosystem that inspires innovation, and stimulate the social vitality of innovation. In terms of innovation investment, it mainly relies on social capital rather than government investment to carry out innovation activities. The government mainly encourages enterprises to increase research and development investment through tax incentives, subsidies, and other means, leverages social capital and international capital to participate in scientific research projects, and forms a diversified basic research investment model of the whole society jointly supporting strategic scientific and technological forces. This is an important experience for technologically advanced countries to achieve scientific breakthroughs, disruptive technological innovation, and shape technological leadership advantages. In terms of creating an institutional environment that incentivizes innovation, emphasis is placed on continuously improving the overall efficiency of the innovation system by establishing a market interest linkage mechanism. In terms of protecting innovation, a sound mechanism for intellectual property protection and benefit sharing should be established, and the transfer and transformation of intellectual property rights should revolve around enterprises. In recent years, technologically advanced countries have increasingly attached importance to the concept of open source, promoting data sharing, enhancing data transparency and credibility through open source, forming innovative combinations of various possible technologies, building technology stacks, and improving the effectiveness of national scientific and technological resource allocation. For example, supporting strategic scientific and technological forces to jointly promote the implementation of open source work, promoting the transformation of project scientific research achievements and the promotion of open source scientific tools, encouraging and guiding national funded projects to organize based on open source platforms, improving the common basic capabilities of industries, and attracting the whole society to jointly build and share cutting-edge technologies. International cooperation and restrictions go hand in hand, forming a "small courtyard, high wall" technology competition system. Technologically developed countries generally attach great importance to international cooperation in science and technology, emphasizing national strategy as the driving force, strengthening comprehensive planning, enhancing internal and external coordination, attaching great importance to building technical standards, and forming a pattern of strategic scientific and technological forces accelerating innovation internally, leading technical standards externally, and restricting the development of new technologies by competitors. If a technology and economic development alliance is established, membership will only be open to "like-minded" countries, attempting to build a new global technology ecosystem dominated by them with monopolistic and exclusionary significance. Author: Yin Ximing (School of Management, Beijing Institute of Technology)