Enterprises are the main body of the market economy and also an important subject of innovation. General Secretary Xi Jinping made important remarks on solidly promoting the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, pointing out that "the key to integration is to strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation." The Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation and made important arrangements, which is an important measure to deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system. Strengthening the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation is an inevitable requirement for achieving high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement. Currently, the competition for the high ground of technological innovation and industrial development among countries around the world is becoming increasingly fierce. China has entered the ranks of innovative countries, but there are still many shortcomings in some high-tech fields, and some key core technologies are still subject to others. The technological innovation activities carried out by enterprises are closer to actual needs, more practical, and have a faster transformation and application from technology to product industry. Especially for technology leaders who are on the front line of global competition, they have a strong desire to break through external technological blockades, solve the bottleneck problems of key core technologies, and get rid of technological path dependence, which is an important force for achieving high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement. Strengthening the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation is conducive to enhancing the country's independent innovation capability and firmly grasping the initiative of development in their own hands. Strengthening the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation is an inevitable requirement for accelerating the development of new quality productivity. New quality productivity is an advanced productivity generated by technological revolutionary breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep industrial transformation and upgrading. As the main body of innovation, enterprises are also micro entities that promote industrial development and are direct practitioners of industrial transformation and upgrading. The allocation of production factors is ultimately executed by enterprises, while the production and circulation of innovative products require enterprises to complete. Therefore, enterprises are important carriers and key forces in promoting the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation. Strengthening the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation, leveraging their natural advantages of valuing applications and facing the market directly, is conducive to opening up a channel from technological strength to enterprise strength, industry strength, and economic strength, and promoting the accelerated development of new quality productivity. Strengthening the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation is an inevitable requirement for enhancing the overall efficiency of the national innovation system. Currently, China's technological strength is transitioning from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap, and is exploring the forefront and breakthrough points of disruptive technological changes with countries around the world. On the one hand, it is necessary to rely on leading technology enterprises to leverage their comprehensive advantages in market demand, integrated innovation, and organizational platforms, concentrate investment to promote major technological breakthroughs, and provide leading support for technological innovation; On the other hand, it is necessary to stimulate the innovation vitality and motivation of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises such as specialization, refinement, novelty, etc., actively explore trial and error, and continuously expand innovation space. Strengthening the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation, promoting various types of enterprises to unleash innovation vitality, further enhancing their original innovation and technology transformation capabilities, can promote the close integration of innovation chain and industrial chain, and enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system. Currently, R&D investment by Chinese enterprises accounts for over 75% of the total R&D investment in society. The number of high-tech enterprises and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises is rapidly increasing, and the position of enterprises as the main body of scientific and technological innovation is constantly strengthening. At the same time, there are still relatively weak innovation capabilities, a relatively small number of innovative enterprises, insufficient support for enterprise innovation by traditional financial models, and low conversion rates of scientific and technological achievements. We need to implement the important deployment of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on strengthening the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, continuously improve relevant institutional mechanisms, and provide more institutional guarantees for strengthening the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation. Specifically, it is necessary to establish a mechanism for cultivating and strengthening technology leading enterprises. Encourage leading technology enterprises to take the lead, collaborate with universities, research institutions, relevant small and medium-sized enterprises, and continuously strengthen the deep integration of industry, academia, and research; Support leading technology enterprises to take the lead or participate in national scientific and technological research and development tasks, and continuously accelerate major technological breakthroughs in the industry. We need to establish a mechanism to promote the development and growth of specialized, refined, unique, and new small and medium-sized enterprises. Implement the plan to promote the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises through the industrialization of patents, and provide intellectual property services such as rapid pre-approval and certification for qualified specialized, refined, and new small and medium-sized enterprises; Encourage technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises to increase their R&D investment and further increase the pre tax deduction ratio for R&D expenses of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises. To build a technology finance system that is compatible with technological innovation. Strengthen financial services for the entire chain and lifecycle of technology enterprises, increase financial support for major national science and technology tasks, and build a rich system of science and technology financial products. We need to deepen the reform of the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological achievements. Accelerate the layout and construction of a number of concept validation and pilot testing platforms, strengthen the construction of technology transfer talent teams, improve and perfect technology transfer management institutions, and promote the full connection between enterprise technology demand and the supply of scientific and technological achievements from universities and research institutes. (New Society)