According to legend, Fuxi looked up at the celestial phenomena, surveyed the geography, built nets and utensils, built houses and raised livestock, guiding the ancestors to break away from the primitive state of eating raw materials and drinking blood, living in groups in nests, and advancing towards civilization with a series of inventions and creations. He became the revered ancestor of the Chinese nation and was revered as the "leader of the Three Emperors" and the "leader of the Hundred Kings". During his inspection in Gansu, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that Fuxi Temple has high historical and cultural value. We must protect and inherit this precious cultural heritage, so that the wisdom and creativity of our ancestors can inspire future generations and continuously enhance our national pride and confidence. The emergence, formation, and development of Fuxi culture have gone through a long historical process, and through continuous accumulation and development, a relatively complete cultural system has been formed. The rich connotations of Fuxi culture are composed of historical materials, cultural relics, archaeological discoveries, myths and legends related to Fuxi, which have important historical value and humanistic significance, and provide important clues for exploring the origin of Chinese civilization. According to historical records, the historical achievements of Fuxi were constantly accumulated, and Fuxi culture gradually formed. During the pre Qin period, documents such as the Book of Documents, Zuo Zhuan, L ü shi Chunqiu, Zhan Guo Ce, Zhouyi, Guanzi, Zhuangzi, etc. all mentioned Fuxi and regarded him as a mythical figure in ancient legends. Although Sima Qian mentioned Fuxi twice in his "Records of the Grand Historian", he still started with "Annals of the Five Emperors", indicating that Fuxi is still regarded as a mythical figure. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fu Xi's historical identity has gradually been recognized. Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded in his book "Lun Heng: Qi Shi Pian": "The people were extremely simple. Those who lay down lived there, those who sat there, and those who gathered in groups knew that their mother did not know their father. At the time of Mi's sacrifice, the people were quite cultured, knowing that they wanted to deceive fools, were brave and afraid, wanted to bully the weak, and wanted to oppress the few." This passage indicates that by the time of Fuxi, the dawn of civilization had already begun to emerge. Ban Gu's "Book of Han: A Table of Ancient and Modern People" lists Fuxi as the highest sage, ranking before Emperor Yan Shennong and Emperor Huang Xuanyuan. In the "Age of Emperors" by Emperor Fu Mi of the Western Jin Dynasty, it is recorded that "Emperor Taihao sacrificed his family... with a snake body and a human head, he possessed holy virtue." "The Suiren family did not exist, but the sacrificed family replaced him, succeeding the heavens and becoming the king. His first virtue was in the wood, and he was the first of the hundred kings." Through the remarkable achievements of Fuxi's extraordinary life and the Shuntian Mingde, his historical status was once again clarified. In the Tang Dynasty, Sima Zhen's "Annals of the Three Emperors" comprehensively summarized the historical achievements of Fuxi: "When looking up, observe the phenomena in the sky; when looking down, observe the laws on the earth, observe the culture of birds and animals, and observe the suitability of the earth. Take various bodies close and objects far away. Start drawing the Eight Trigrams to understand the virtues of the gods and the emotions of all things, and create books and deeds to replace the policy of tying ropes. Therefore, the system of marriage was established, with the use of skin as a ritual. Net making was used to teach the tenants and fishermen, hence the name" Mi Di Shi ". Raise sacrificial offerings to cook in the kitchen, hence the name" Pao Di ". There is the Dragon Rui, the Dragon Ji Guan, known as the Dragon Master, and the Thirty five stringed Sere. From this, it can be seen that Fuxi's achievements involve multiple aspects such as economic production, social systems, lifestyle customs, and ideological and cultural aspects, almost covering all the inventions, creations, and legal systems of early civilized society. The Southern Song Dynasty's Luo Bi's "Road History" and the Qing Dynasty's Ma Fu's "Yi History" comprehensively sorted out relevant historical materials, making the deeds of Fuxi more clear and systematic, and further clarifying Fuxi's historical identity as a figure. Many places in China have historical legends and cultural relics related to the worship of Fuxi, but interdisciplinary research generally points the origin of Fuxi culture to Tianshui, Gansu. Starting from the Western Han Dynasty, records about the birthplace and activity areas of Fuxi gradually became clear. The Wei Shu of the Western Han Dynasty, titled "Dunjia Kaishan Tu," recorded that "Fuxi was born in the Chengji period and relocated to Chencang" and "the four isolated areas of Qiuchi Mountain were ruled by Taihao, and Fuxi was born there." For the first time, Fuxi's birthplace was defined in the Chengji and Qiuchi Mountain areas. Huangfu Mi's "Age of Emperors" provides a detailed examination of the genealogy and activity areas of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, and sets the Chengji period in the present-day Tianshui area in eastern Gansu. Liang Liu Zhao's annotations and supplements to the "Annals of Later Han" cited records from the "Age of Emperors", affirming the theory that Fuxi was born and recorded in Tianshui. Afterwards, works such as Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu" in the Northern Wei Dynasty and Li Jifu's "Yuanhe County Gazetteer" in the Tang Dynasty all adopted this theory. To this day, there are still relics such as Guatai Mountain (Fuxitai) in the Tianshui area. According to the Shui Jing Zhu, during the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was a N ü wa Temple on the mountains in the Tianshui area. In the early years of Taiping Xingguo in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were records of Fuxi Temple and worship of Fuxi in the Tianshui area. In 1347, the Yuan Dynasty repaired the Fuxi Temple on Guatai Mountain in Xiguan, Shuishi today. In 1516, the Ming Dynasty issued a decree officially designating the Fuxi Temple in Qinzhou (Tianshui) as the site for the worship of the ancestors of humanity. At present, Tianshui still retains the most complete and earliest preserved architectural complex in China dedicated to the worship of Fuxi. In the 1940s, Wen Yiduo completed the "Examination of Fuxi", which marked the beginning of modern academic research on Fuxi. He examined the phonetic relationship and found that Fuxi was originally a gourd (now known as a gourd). There is a legend that the Hulu River in the water area today is named after the birth of Fuxi. In 1958, two colored pottery vases with human head and fish body were unearthed at the Xiping Site in Gangu County, Tianshui City, and in 1973 at the Fujianmen Site in Wushan County, Tianshui City. They are believed to be the original image of the legendary Fuxi. Regarding the early origins of Chinese civilization, Sima Qian wrote Huangdi as the "beginning of this book" and constructed a complete system of five emperors. Although he did not establish a biography of Fuxi, he pointed out in the "Preface to the Grand Historian" that "the ancestors of Yu Wen said: 'Fuxi was pure and thick, and wrote the Eight Trigrams of the Book of Changes,'" affirming Fuxi's historical status. In the 1920s, the trend of questioning ancient history emerged, and some scholars questioned the authenticity of ancient historical materials, criticizing the traditional ancient historical system. The Five Emperors system faced challenges. Therefore, in order to explore the origin and formation history of Chinese civilization, and to empirically verify the 5000 year history of Chinese civilization, it not only involves understanding and cognition of handed down literature, but also relies on archaeological excavations to study and confirm. In the 1940s, Xu Xusheng's "The Legendary Era of Chinese Ancient History" combined legends with archaeological findings and believed that the birthplace of the Huaxia ethnic group was in the Shaanxi Gansu Loess Plateau region. Research has shown that Fuxi is a representative of the fishing and hunting era, which is equivalent to the early to mid Neolithic period. In 1958, the Dadiwan Site (dating back 8000-5000 years) was discovered near Tianshui, and its cultural characteristics roughly correspond to the era of Fuxi. In 1979, Xia Nai divided China's Neolithic culture into seven major regions: the Yellow River Basin culture, the Majiabang culture, Qujialing culture, and Liangzhu culture in the Yangtze River Basin, the Lingyuan Niuheliang Hongshan culture in the Liaohe River Basin, the Shixia culture in southern China, and the Qin'an Dadiwan culture in Gansu. Famous statements such as Zhang Guangzhi's "Eight Interactive Circles" and Su Bingqi's "Six Cultural Regions" have identified the ancient culture or Dadiwan culture of the Gansu Qinghai region as important content. In the cultural relics of Dadiwan and its surrounding areas, a large number of production and living tools such as bone needles, bone arrowheads, spinning wheels, knives, axes, and net pendants have been unearthed. Dry farming specimens, palace ruins, written symbols, ground paintings, and painted pottery have also been discovered. These discoveries have provided archaeological support for many contributions made by Fuxi, such as the creation of the Book of Changes, the Eight Trigrams, and the ceremony of marriage. It can be said that the overlapping of ancient legends, historical documents, and archaeological achievements related to Fuxi in terms of time and space, as well as their content, provide important clues for studying the origin of Chinese civilization. In 2001, the pre research of the "Exploration of the Origins of Chinese Civilization Project" was launched. The exploration period is limited to between 3000 and 1500 BC, which is the Longshan period in archaeology, roughly equivalent to the legendary "Five Emperors" period before the Xia Dynasty. The first batch of six selected archaeological sites are concentrated in the central and western regions of Chinese civilization - central and southern Henan and southern Shanxi: the Lingbao Xipo site in Henan, which may be related to the Yellow Emperor, the Taosi site in Xiangfen, Shanxi, which coincides with the time and space of the legendary Yao era, the Wangchenggang site in Dengfeng, Henan, which may be the capital city of Yudu Yangcheng, the Xinmi Xinzhai site in Henan, which may be the residence of Xia Qi, as well as the Erlitou site in Yanshi, Henan, the capital city of the middle and late Xia Dynasty, and the Dashigu site in Zhengzhou, which are recognized by the academic community. From the definition of the research period and the selection of archaeological sites, the legend of the "Five Emperors" in ancient history has clear directional significance in the study of the origin of Chinese civilization. Corresponding to the Five Emperors system, the earlier one was the Three Emperors system, which merged into one in official history. The research results of major projects such as the Exploration of the Origins of Chinese Civilization have empirically demonstrated China's million year human history, 10000 year cultural history, and over 5000 year civilization history. Continuously conducting research on the origins of Chinese civilization, delving into the Fuxi culture and the "Three Emperors" era from archaeological excavations, cultural relics, handed down documents, myths and legends, is of great significance for revealing the early origins of Chinese civilization, outlining the development trajectory of Chinese civilization, and showcasing the eternal charm of Chinese civilization. (New Society)