According to a paper published in the journal Nature on the 10th, Google's latest generation of quantum chips has achieved a breakthrough in error correction capability, which is to suppress errors below a critical threshold. This quantum error correction function is considered a necessary condition for achieving practical applications in future quantum computing. After the performance expansion of this chip, it may be able to meet the computational requirements of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing. Quantum computing has the potential to improve computational speed on specific tasks, surpassing classical computers. However, quantum computers are prone to errors, so current prototypes cannot run for long enough to achieve actual output. The solution strategy designed by quantum computing researchers for this relies on quantum error correction, which distributes information across many quantum bits (units of quantum information, similar to the bits of classical computers) to identify and compensate for errors without disrupting the computation. However, the quantum bits required for quantum error correction may introduce more errors, so implementing "below threshold" operations has always been a challenge - the uncorrected rate must be below a critical value in order to correct errors as expected and suppress errors exponentially. Google Research has reported on the latest generation of superconducting quantum processing chip architecture called 'Willow', which can achieve quantum error correction below the critical threshold of surface code. Surface code is a specific quantum error correction technique. Their system can run up to 1 million cycles within a few hours, while decoding errors in real-time and maintaining performance. The researchers ran surface codes on a 72 qubit processor and a 105 qubit processor. Each time the code spacing increases from 3 to 5 and then to 7, the logic error rate is halved. Researchers say that this potential suppression of logical errors lays the foundation for running large-scale quantum algorithms with error correction. (New Society)