The reporter learned on December 2 that Yan Long'an, an academician of the CAE Member and a researcher of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, together with Du Huilong, a professor of Hebei University, successfully mapped the world's first most complete super pan genome map of Oryza. The relevant research results were published online in Nature Communications. This study assembled nearly perfect genomes of 13 wild rice species in the rice genus, and combined them with publicly available genomes of common wild rice, Asian cultivated rice, and African cultivated rice to construct a super pan genome of rice genus containing 101723 gene families. Among them, the core gene family shared by the rice genus accounts for only 9.84%, and a total of 63881 new gene families that have not yet been discovered in cultivated rice have been identified, expanding the available rice genes by 1.7 times. Meanwhile, based on high-quality genome maps, the team reconstructed the evolutionary relationships of the rice genus at the genome level for the first time. This study also identified 2781 to 10656 insertion sequences, 2680 to 10419 deletion sequences, 4 to 52 translocations, and 7 to 22 large inversions and other structural variations from different materials. For the first time, the diversity of wild rice and cultivated rice was analyzed at the levels of genomic and allelic variations. In terms of disease resistance genes, the team combined genome annotation and various methods such as RGAugury to identify 7048 disease resistance genes in the rice genus, including 237 disease resistance gene families in cultivated rice and 384 disease resistance gene families in wild rice. This reveals that disease resistance genes in cultivated rice tend to exist in clusters, while disease resistance genes in wild rice mainly exist in individual forms. In addition, the team identified 207 tandem repeat genes in wild rice, of which 36 are related to yield, resistance, quality, growth period, efficient utilization of nutrients, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. The rice super pan genome constructed in this study greatly expands the gene pool for rice genetic improvement. This has important theoretical significance and practical value for the innovative utilization of wild rice germplasm, and provides support for the evolution and domestication research of the rice genus. (New Society)