This year marks the 40th anniversary of China's polar exploration. The reporter learned from the China Meteorological Administration that on the occasion of World Antarctic Day on December 1st, China's Zhongshan National Atmospheric Background Station in Antarctica will officially operate. This is the first overseas atmospheric background station in China and the ninth atmospheric background station to be included in business operations. After being included in the family of atmospheric background stations in China, the Zhongshan National Atmospheric Background Station in Antarctica will conduct continuous and long-term operational observations of the concentration changes of atmospheric components in Antarctica, truly reflecting the average state of atmospheric components and their related characteristics in the Antarctic region, and supporting global efforts to address climate change. The location of atmospheric background stations is generally chosen in areas far away from human activities and pollution sources to maximize the restoration of the true nature of the atmosphere. The Antarctic region is an important background area for global atmospheric environment observation. Ding Minghu, Director of the Institute of Global Change and Polar Meteorology at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, introduced that the polar regions are the "amplifiers" of global climate change. The Zhongshan Station in Antarctica is located in the Lashmann Hills of the Southeast Great Land, and its observation data has unique geographical advantages and scientific value, which is conducive to exploring the long-term changes and laws of the atmospheric background on the Antarctic continent, the exchange process between the stratosphere and troposphere, the multi circle interaction mechanism, and the impact of human activities on the world. During the Fourth International Polar Year from 2007 to 2008, the China Meteorological Administration and the State Oceanic Administration jointly built an atmospheric chemistry observation cabin at Zhongshan Station, equipped with ozone spectrometers, radiation observation instruments, etc., thus starting the Antarctic atmospheric composition observation business. In 2010, Zhongshan Station established a high-precision greenhouse gas online observation system and officially launched continuous online observation of carbon dioxide and methane with high time resolution. China also became the third country to carry out this business in Antarctica. At present, Zhongshan Station has established a comprehensive observation system covering seven major meteorological elements including ozone, atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, etc. As an important component of the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Snow, Ice and Space Special Environment and Disasters in Zhongshan, Antarctica, the atmospheric composition observation data of Zhongshan Station has been included in the World Meteorological Organization's "Antarctic Ozone Hole" Bulletin and the China Meteorological Administration's "Polar Climate Change Annual Report", and has been used multiple times by scientists, effectively promoting scientific research in polar weather and climate change, polar atmospheric chemistry and other fields. At present, there are 9 atmospheric background stations in China, including Waliguan in Qinghai. At the same time, 10 newly planned atmospheric background stations located in key areas of the climate system such as the Bohai Rim and Sichuan Basin have launched a one-year observation experiment in July this year. (New Society)