Jinyintan by Qinghai Lake, with an average altitude of 3200 meters and a minimum temperature of minus 30 degrees Celsius.
More than 60 years ago, a group of people braved the wind and snow, starting from three tents and secretly doing earth shattering things. Years later, this place was hailed as the 'Atomic City of China'.
On October 16, 1964, thunderstorms struck the flat ground of Lop Nur, and China's first atomic bomb successfully exploded, lifting the backbone of the Chinese nation.
Strive for self-improvement in adversity and break through from dire situations. New China has opened up the great cause of "Two Bombs and One Satellite" in the context of "poverty and two whites", nurturing the spirit of "loving the motherland, selfless dedication, self-reliance, hard work, strong collaboration, and courage to climb the" Two Bombs and One Satellite ".
General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the inheritance of the spirit of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite": "We hope that the vast number of scientific and technological workers will not forget their original aspirations, keep in mind their missions, uphold the supremacy of national and people's interests, inherit and carry forward the excellent qualities of the older generation of scientists who have a broad vision for the motherland and serve the people, promote the spirit of the" Two Bombs and One Satellite ", actively shoulder historical responsibilities, and integrate their scientific pursuits into the great cause of building a socialist modernized country
Sincere expectations, reaching straight into people's hearts.
Through 60 years, Qian Sanqiang, Qian Xuesen, Wang Ganchang, Guo Yonghuai, Peng Huanwu, Deng Jiaxian, Yu Min... shining names have emerged from the dust laden years and become eternal monuments in the hearts of Chinese people.
General Secretary Xi Jinping recently pointed out during his inspection in Anhui that in promoting Chinese style modernization, science and technology must take the lead, and technological innovation is the only way. High tech cannot be obtained, and it is necessary to accelerate the realization of high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement. Scientific research workers are the backbone of promoting Chinese path to modernization. They should show the strength of "how many fights can be made in life", open their hands to innovation and creation, and contribute their talents and write a wonderful chapter for building a scientific and technological power.
As the source of China's high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, the spirit of "Two Bombs and One Satellite" has been enduring and shining brightly, inspiring people to overcome difficulties and move forward courageously on the road to building a strong country.
Turbulent Years: Exploring the Flame of Ideals in the Footsteps of Our Ancestors
The establishment of New China has greatly inspired Chinese scientists studying abroad. Thousands of scientists have given up their privileged treatment overseas and broken through numerous obstacles to return to the embrace of their homeland. Among the 23 experts awarded the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Merit Medal in 1999, 21 were "overseas returnees".
The former site of the State owned 221 Factory is located in Haiyan County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. China's first atomic and hydrogen bombs were successfully developed on this grassland of Jinyintan.
Wang Ganchang, Guo Yonghuai, Peng Huanwu, Deng Jiaxian, Cheng Kaijia, Zhu Guangya, Chen Nengkuan, Zhou Guangzhao, Yu Min, and nine other "Two Bombs and One Satellite" founding figures who have worked here for a long time, stand in the hall of the former site exhibition hall of the 221st Factory. Our ancestors wore smiles and their gaze traveled through time and space
That was a difficult and passionate period of time.
The flying sand and stones on Jinyintan in winter, with temperatures as low as minus 30 degrees Celsius. In 1958, General Li Jue, the head of the base, led a team of more than 20 people, carrying three tents and several vehicles to conduct preliminary surveys here. Tens of thousands of builders are enduring high-altitude hypoxia and edema to meet the deadline. After the first batch of houses were built, General Li Jue ordered that the newly constructed houses be given to scientific researchers, and all cadres should live in tents.
Peng Huanwu, a renowned physicist and pioneer of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" program, once recalled that researchers lived in warm buildings, while General Li Jue and other base leaders lived in tents. At night, the cold wind howls on the plateau, and I stand by the window, unable to fall asleep for a long time
During difficult times, the base encountered food shortages, and people had to go to the nearby Qinghai Lake to fish for food. "At that time, everyone had only eight liang of grain a day, and everyone was reluctant to wash the dishes when eating. They scraped up the sticky paste in the bowl with the last mouthful of Mantou and ate it. When they were too hungry, they used boiling water to drink soy sauce, and their legs were swollen and worked late at night." Liu Zhaomin, the first group of college students who rushed to Jinyintan, was responsible for the design and development of detonators for nuclear weapons, and used simple tools to manually mix and produce TNT explosives. In order to keep our right hand in case of accidents, we stipulated at that time that we could only hold detonators with our left hand, "Liu Zhaomin said.
The nuclear industry of New China started on the basis of poverty and backwardness, searching for uranium mines, designing blueprints and models, and manually calculating. Foreign countries mock China for not being able to produce an atomic bomb in 20 years, but our predecessors overcame one difficulty after another with great courage, superhuman willpower, and outstanding wisdom.
After successfully extracting the first bottle of highly enriched uranium in the People's Republic of China, I was so excited that I hesitated to take off my gloves, "recalled Liu Xiaobo, a retired cadre of CNNC Lanzhou Uranium Company." In the face of technological blockades, we relied on self-reliance and the advantage of socialist concentration to accomplish great things. Leaders, technicians, and workers brainstormed and overcame 157 technical difficulties
The Atomic City Memorial Hall displays two old-fashioned hand cranked computers, which are national first-class cultural relics. The dark colored body has 10 rows of black and white buttons vertically and horizontally. Although they can only complete simple arithmetic operations through hand cranked power to drive gears, they are the "heroes" of China's nuclear industry.
In the early stages of the development of the atomic bomb, scientists such as Deng Jiaxian, Peng Huanwu, and Zhou Guangzhao led young people to work three shifts day and night using hand cranked computers, slide rules, and even abacuses. They conducted "nine calculations" a year, filling dozens of sacks with paper, and finally obtained key data to complete the theoretical design of the atomic bomb, laying the foundation for the successful development of China's nuclear weapons.
In the display cabinet of the 221st Factory Exhibition Hall, there is a yellowed letter from martyr Guo Yonghuai, the founder of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" program, to his daughter. Guo Yonghuai, who has been engaged in top secret work for a long time, has been separated from his family. In the letter, he wrote, "We don't have cloth shoes at the moment. Would you like to draw a foot sample and send it over? We will definitely buy them when we have them. Here is a type of suede cotton shoe that I wanted to buy for you, but I didn't dare to buy it because I didn't have the size
Nearly 60 years of time cannot dilute a father's love for his daughter.
On December 5, 1968, when Guo Yonghuai was rushing back to Beijing from Qinghai with a top secret document to report, his plane unfortunately crashed. The people who found the body burst into tears, and he tightly hugged the security guard, protecting the briefcase containing the top secret documents intact. At the last moment of his life, he did not forget his promise to pledge himself to his country.
Red Inheritance: An Eternal Monument in the Heart
The deepest love for our motherland has nurtured the spirit of 'two bombs and one satellite'. "My father devoted all his energy and love to the atomic energy cause of the motherland!" Qian Minxie, the daughter of Qian Sanqiang, a famous nuclear physicist and a champion of the "two bombs and one star" program, recalled his father with tears in her eyes: "He later told us that he just wanted to make the Chinese people hard and not be bullied any more."
In May 1995, Xinhua News Agency announced to the world that China's first nuclear weapon research and development base had been fully decommissioned. The Republic heroes and their families who once fought under the guise of anonymity in the 221 Factory have been resettled in 27 provinces across the country. General Secretary Xi Jinping is very concerned about the retired employees of the 221 Factory and has issued important instructions and directives multiple times, requesting solutions to the difficulties and problems encountered by the retirees in their daily lives.  
Not only that, General Secretary Xi Jinping also attaches great importance to the protection and utilization of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" site. The reporter walked into the former site of China Atomic City No. 221 Factory and was immersed in a highly nostalgic architectural complex. The red songs played on the big radio seemed to instantly pull people back to that hot era. Since General Secretary Xi Jinping issued important instructions on the protection and utilization of the former site of Factory 221 in 2020, the central and local governments have increased investment, and the progress of the protection and utilization of cultural relics on the site has accelerated. A number of national first-class cultural relics protection units have been revitalized and utilized, becoming the core carrier of inheriting the red bloodline.
As the first group of great spirits included in the spiritual pedigree of the CPC, the spiritual influence of "two bombs and one satellite" is growing day by day. In just three years of operation, Sichuan Two Bombs and One Satellite Cadre College has achieved nationwide coverage of students, and the testimonies of those who have experienced the Two Bombs cause are widely welcomed. The Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics has established the "Deng Jiaxian Science and Technology Award" and the "Yu Min Mathematical Science Award", and many award winners have grown into the new generation of technology leaders and backbone, passing on the red spirit from generation to generation.
The gold and silver beach where the pioneers of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" fought has become a "spiritual palace" for scientific and technological personnel. The Qinghai Two Bombs and One Satellite Cadre College has trained over 100000 students, including over 500 high-level scientific and technological talents, including the chief designers of Tianwen-1, Hualong-1, and Beidou-3. Many top scientists come to search for the footprints of their "mentors' mentors" back then.
Zhan Xiangjiang, deputy director of the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, combined with his learning experience in Jinyintan, established a field ecological research base in Maduo County, Qinghai Province, and expanded the "five in one" development of party building, scientific research, poverty alleviation, national unity and ecological protection at the source of the Yellow River.
Shandong has been providing targeted assistance to Qingdao for 14 years, delivering nearly 3000 cadres and talents of various types. Every new cadre must first undergo baptism at the former site of Factory 221, and many people voluntarily apply for an extension after their service expires.
Zhao Shengya comes from the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and has performed over a thousand eye surgeries for the public during the six years of assisting young people. "Although I haven't done anything earth shattering, the recognition of patients is the greatest praise for doctors. I will do my best to bring light and hope to more people
The red tourism with the theme of "Two Bombs and One Satellite" continues to heat up, promoting the spirit of "Two Bombs and One Satellite" to become increasingly deeply rooted in people's hearts. Since its opening, the Qinghai Atomic City Memorial Hall has received over 4.4 million visitors, with Haibei Prefecture, with a population of only over 200000, receiving over 1 million red tourism visitors annually; The number of tourists from places such as Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu and Mianyang Two Bomb City in Sichuan has increased significantly every year.
The Atomic City in the golden autumn of October is crowded with visitors. The former top secret uranium component processing workshop in the former site of Factory 221 has now become a modern exhibition hall that showcases the history of "Two Bombs and One Satellite". Several semi transparent grid screens staged a play about the development of nuclear weapons, and the glorious years of "self-reliance and hard work" reappeared before our eyes.
Jiang Wei, a college student from Zhengzhou University, excitedly wrote on the message board after visiting: "As the new generation of youth, it is our mission to contribute to our country. Our destiny will always be in our own hands, and the pace of building a strong country through science and technology will never stop
Technological powerhouse: The spirit of "Two Bombs and One Satellite" shines brightly
The success of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" program fully demonstrates China's institutional advantages. Qian Xuesen once said that in a country like China with weak industrial and technological foundations, it is impossible to develop the two bombs without a socialist system. The "Two Bombs and One Satellite" have sounded the horn of building a strong technological country in New China, inspiring generation after generation of scientific and technological workers to forge ahead.
As the chief engineer of the Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau of Qinghai Province, Pan Tong, the person in charge of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" inheritance base "Pan Tong Studio", cannot remember how many times he has brushed past death on the way to find mines: being washed away by rushing river water for dozens of meters, riding a horse falling off a 30 meter deep cliff, coughing up blood due to high-altitude pulmonary edema
As a geologist in Qinghai, it is even more important to inherit the spirit of the older generation of the 221 Factory, and focus on the areas urgently needed by the country to 'search for more mines, find fast mines, and find fast mines', and get rid of the' bottleneck 'situation. Pan Tong has a strong sense of mission. In order to accelerate the construction of Qinghai into a world-class salt lake industry base, Pan Tong Studio has anchored the goal of "increasing storage and ensuring supply" of deep potassium bearing brine to ensure national resource security.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made important statements on the spirit of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" in many important occasions, such as the inspection by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2013, the hosting of a scientist symposium in 2020, the congratulatory message congratulating the successful launch of the Tianhe core module of the Chinese space station in 2021, the inspection of the Wenchang Space Launch Site in 2022, and the third collective study of the 20th Politburo of the Communist Party of China in 2023.
On May 2, 2022, General Secretary Xi Jinping expressed his sincere hope in his reply to the youth team of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation's space station construction: building a strong aerospace country requires generations of people to continue to struggle. I hope that young people in the aerospace industry can promote the spirit of "Two Bombs and One Satellite" and manned spaceflight, be brave in innovation and breakthroughs, and shine brightly in their youth on the journey of pursuing their dreams in space. They will make new contributions to the high-level self-reliance and self-improvement of China's aerospace technology.
Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, China has continuously made significant breakthroughs in building a strong country in science and technology since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The seeds of the spirit of "Two Bombs and One Satellite" continue to bloom and bear fruit in the new era, including the diving of "Jiaolong", the flying of "Shenzhou", the daily exploration of "Xihe", the lunar exploration of "Chang'e", the fire exploration of "Tianwen", the networking of "Beidou", and the transmission of "Mozi".
Since the beginning of this year, the aerospace industry has received continuous good news:
On June 25th, Chang'e-6 completed a 53 day space journey in Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia, achieving the first ever return of samples from the far side of the moon in human history.
On September 19, the Long March 3B carrier rocket carrying two satellites took off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. The Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system project officially ended. The Chinese people's independent Beidou system entered a new journey.
On October 11th, China successfully recovered its first reusable return technology experimental satellite, the Shijian 19 satellite, from the Dongfeng landing site, breaking through key technologies such as reusability, non-destructive recovery, and high-low gravity support, and carrying multiple international cooperation payloads. Chinese satellites once again promote the peaceful exploration and utilization of space by humanity.
Nearly 3000 units and about 100000 people worked together to overcome major milestones in the Chang'e-6 mission. If the older generation of scientists who passed away knew about this situation, they would smile with relief.
Since the new era, we have leveraged the advantages of the new national system, and major scientific and technological innovations represented by the lunar exploration project have emerged one after another. The goal of high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement has continuously become a reality, "said Bian Zhigang, Deputy Director of the National Space Administration.
General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "the best inheritance of history is to create new history; the greatest respect for human civilization is to create new forms of human civilization." After 60 years, the spirit of "two bombs and one satellite" still shines brightly in the new era, illuminating the steady and far-reaching progress of China's scientific and technological power.