The supplement of "Nature Index 2024 Artificial Intelligence" has been officially released online recently. The data shows that from 2019 to 2023, there are 10 institutions with the largest increase in AI research output in the natural index. They are the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harvard University, Peking University, Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Max Planck Society, Helmholtz National Research Center Association of Germany, University of Science and Technology of China and Shanghai Jiaotong University. This is the index once again focusing on AI research after less than two years. The data shows that AI research published in Nature Index journals is growing at a lightning fast pace. The Nature Index tracks research articles published in high-quality natural science and health science journals, as well as the contributions of relevant institutions, countries, or regions to these studies. The Nature Index shows that from 2019 to 2023, the share of AI research in the United States has almost doubled, while the share of AI research in China has increased more than fivefold during the same period. As of 2023, the United States still ranks first in AI research, with China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and France in the top five. The gap between the United States and China is rapidly narrowing. Share is a landmark indicator of the natural index, which can measure the contribution of relevant institutions, countries, or regions to research papers. However, if we use the larger Dimensions (a comprehensive research information big data platform under Digital Science) database to track all AI related articles published in various fields between 2019 and 2023, we will find that China dominates the total AI research output, with over 1.4 million articles published, followed closely by the United States with about 900000 articles published. The supplement also analyzed the AI research output in the industry, which showed significant growth but still only accounted for a small portion of the total share of AI in the Nature Index. For example, in terms of share, the AI output of the US industry has more than doubled from 2019 to 2021, but it only accounted for 3.8% of the total AI output share in the US last year. According to the supplementary analysis, the possible reason for this situation is that many research works in the industry have not been published in leading, peer-reviewed scientific journals. In 2023, the top 5 countries with the highest AI output in the industry are the United States, China, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. Among them, Japanese companies have the highest proportion of AI research output in the country's total research output. Thanks to the huge funding advantage of the industry, the current progress of AI is mainly driven by strong private companies. However, the supplement emphasizes the indispensable role of academic AI research in promoting the healthy development of AI, as the academic community is better able to view AI with a critical and calm attitude, and provide independent sources of knowledge. Although Nature Index journals only represent a small part of AI research, they do indicate some key trends and challenges in global AI research. For example, countries in the global South can use AI to accelerate development, but its representativeness is insufficient. We must find ways to correct these imbalances to ensure that this technological revolution benefits everyone Simon Baker, editor in chief of the Nature Index, said. (New Society)