Recently, the reporter learned from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences that China's second comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qinghai Tibet Plateau has made new progress. Academician Fang Xiaomin led the Cenozoic environmental team to carry out the ultra kilometer drilling program in the Lunpola Basin, the hinterland of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. At present, the drilling depth has reached 750 meters, setting a new record for environmental science drilling on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China. The Lunpola Basin in the hinterland of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is located in the central part of the plateau, with an average elevation of 4600 meters. This area has deposited the most continuous Cenozoic strata of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau since 55 million years ago. It is the first oil producing basin in the main part of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in China, and has discovered a large number of tropical palm trees, camphor trees, Luan trees, split belly fish, sea bass, water spiders and other animal and plant fossils, as well as multiple layers of ancient soil and volcanic ash. It records in detail the history of the uplift and climate and ecological environment changes in the central part of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and is one of the most critical areas for studying the structure, climate, biology and ecology of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and their coordinated evolution. Prior to the establishment of the Lunpola Basin in the hinterland of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, scholars have reconstructed the ancient height evolution history of the Lunpola Basin using various methods such as animal and plant fossils, ancient soil carbonate oxygen isotopes, etc. However, there is significant controversy over the time when the basin reached its current height, and the process of coordinated evolution of structure, climate, biology, and ecology has not yet been established. Over the past 20 years, Academician Fang Xiaomin and his team have utilized the absolute age limitation of volcanic tuff to establish a high-precision paleomagnetic chronological sequence of the natural profiles of the Cenozoic strata in the Lunpola Basin, located in the hinterland of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. They have discovered that the Lunpola Basin has a distinct two-stage formation, evolution, and deformation history, with slow deformation and subsidence occurring at least 42 to 26 million years in the early stage and rapid deformation and uplift occurring around 26-20 million years in the late stage. Academician Chen Fahu, Chief Scientist of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau Earth System Basic Science Center of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, introduced that the Lunpola Basin ultra kilometer drilling program is of great significance for studying how the Qinghai Tibet Plateau rises, the adaptation of the environment, ecology, and organisms during the process of plateau uplift, as well as the impact of climate and environmental changes after plateau uplift. It is reported that the scientific research team is currently continuing to drill downwards, striving to achieve depths exceeding one kilometer. In the future, the research team will integrate multidisciplinary analysis and comparative verification of paleoclimate, paleontology, paleoecological environment, as well as structure, sedimentation, geochemistry, etc., to reveal the history of the Asian monsoon entering the Qinghai Tibet Plateau over the past 40 million years, the synergistic evolution of climate, environment, and biodiversity in the hinterland of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and the formation process of oil and gas source rocks and arid salt lake deposits. This will provide important scientific basis for simulating and predicting the impact of global climate warming on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, ecological environment protection, oil and gas source rock formation, and salt lake resource exploration and development. (New Society)