Artificial Intelligence+Construction, the New Future of Traditional Industries
2024-09-06
In today's era, digital technology is increasingly integrated with traditional industries, and intelligent construction will lead the updating and upgrading of the construction and infrastructure fields. Intelligent construction refers to the integration of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and building information models into the construction process, in order to improve the safety, quality, and sustainability of building projects, and achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement throughout the entire construction process. In recent years, due to the increasingly complex design and construction requirements of construction projects, the traditional construction industry has faced many challenges. And intelligent solutions can help traditional construction processes achieve comprehensive improvement in efficiency and quality. It can be said that adopting intelligent construction solutions is not only a choice, but also a necessity - to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and promote the ecological and economic sustainability of the built environment. 1、 Intelligent construction makes buildings safer, more efficient, and more sustainable. It injects new technological development momentum into the construction industry and will also open a new chapter in the innovation, efficiency, and safety of the construction industry. Intelligent construction technology is driving the traditional construction industry into more advanced technology driven construction processes, which may completely change the way buildings are designed, built, and maintained. In fact, building information modeling technology has been applied in the traditional field of architecture for a long time, that is, by creating virtual 3D models, constructing all the basic information of the building, improving planning and design schemes, strengthening cooperation among project teams, and promoting a more coordinated and efficient construction process. IoT integration technology involves installing IoT devices and sensors on construction sites to collect real-time data, enhance predictive maintenance, reduce downtime, and improve overall efficiency. This technology also provides energy-saving, waste management, and construction safety systems for the expansion of intelligent construction technology. The emergence of artificial intelligence and machine learning has further changed the traditional pattern of the construction industry. The main technologies include: automatic execution of project tasks, prediction of potential risks, etc. Whether it is automatic material transport vehicles or brick laying robots, construction robots have been increasingly widely used in the field of intelligent construction, reducing the risks caused by labor-intensive tasks in the traditional construction industry. Drone technology is also widely used in the field of intelligent construction. It can conduct real-time aerial photography and capture images of construction progress at any time, monitor and identify potential safety risks during construction. Digital twin technology has pushed intelligent construction to new heights. By creating digital copies of physical buildings, project teams can provide scientific decision-making and digital solutions for building operations based on real-time monitoring, scenario testing, and more. The rapid development of related technologies stems from people's continuous exploration of building sustainability, especially in the context of addressing global climate change challenges. Smart construction adopts green technologies and sustainable materials, such as green buildings, energy-saving design, new building materials, etc., which have been applied to the forefront of building practice. In short, the dynamic integration of intelligent construction development and related technologies has paved the way for safer, more efficient, and sustainable building practices. The innovative development of intelligent construction technology has changed traditional construction methods, bringing a series of benefits such as enhanced safety, improved construction efficiency, and enhanced sustainability. In terms of safety, intelligent construction utilizes various sensors and IoT devices for real-time risk detection and big data analysis, minimizing accidents on construction sites. For example, smart wearable devices can monitor the physical condition of frontline workers and send alerts in emergency situations to ensure the personal and construction safety of construction personnel. In terms of efficiency, intelligent construction utilizes digital tools such as building information models and artificial intelligence software to effectively shorten project duration. The digital visualization function of information models can comprehensively improve the efficiency of early design and avoid design deviations. In the operation and maintenance phase, the model can continue the construction process information to the operation phase, providing scientific support for the information management of the entire life cycle of the building. Digital twin technology unifies the states and operations of the virtual and physical worlds into a digital information system through real-time data updates, thereby improving the efficiency of real-time information feedback in the virtual world. In terms of sustainability, intelligent construction has made significant contributions to environmental protection through various technological innovations. Technologies such as energy-saving equipment, green building materials, and automated waste management systems can significantly reduce their impact on the environment, effectively protecting natural resources and reducing carbon footprints through measures such as reducing energy consumption, reducing waste emissions, and improving resource utilization efficiency. In addition, the application of innovative technologies such as 3D printing and prefabricated construction in architecture has effectively reduced resource waste and improved material utilization. In my opinion, compared to traditional construction, intelligent construction solutions have obvious technological advantages and are the fundamental driving force for the future development and transformation of the construction industry. 2、 The application value and effectiveness of intelligent construction are becoming increasingly prominent. Although there are not many successful cases, each one has a certain degree of typicality. By conducting case studies, we can gain insight into its application value and effectiveness. Edge: Located in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, the "Edge" is one of the successful cases of sustainable buildings in the world, and has received a high score of 98.4% from the world-renowned green building assessment method certification - the Environmental Assessment Method of the British Institute of Building Research. This mainly comes from the full cycle integrated intelligent technology of the building. The "edge" sets up an IoT sensor network with an overall structure, which can intelligently regulate lighting, temperature, etc. based on feedback of corresponding data, optimize energy use, and adjust the energy cost of the workspace. Another core feature of 'Edge' is the development of a smartphone application specifically designed for the building. This application can act as a personal assistant for users, sharing workspace and work schedule information and providing solutions. For example, "Edge" can plan the optimal underground garage entrance location for users based on the morning rush hour situation, and guide parking to the nearest parking space below the work area. Edge does not have a fixed employee office area, but adopts a more flexible approach - the program allocates workspace based on the employee's daily schedule, providing options such as seated desks, standing desks, independent workspaces, meeting rooms, balcony seats, etc. When employees have special needs for the workspace, the application will intelligently adjust the space environment through IoT sensors to achieve satisfactory lighting and temperature for employees. The sustainable architectural design concept of "edge" has made it one of the environmentally friendly buildings that have achieved outstanding results in reducing carbon footprint. Edge also advocates a new way of working and concept, which is to reshape the nature and workspace of work through the use of new information technologies. In terms of improving energy efficiency, the electricity generated by "edge" solar panels not only exceeds the building's electricity consumption, but also enables reverse transmission of the remaining electricity. The demonstrative nature of this building goes beyond the basic concept of low-carbon environmental protection and is a successful practice of intelligent construction throughout its entire lifecycle. Therefore, the "edge" provides a successful practical case for sustainable innovation in the operation and maintenance stage of intelligent construction. Bosco Verticale: A "vertical forest" built in Milan, Italy, designed by Italian designer Stefano Boeri, attempting to redefine urban life by integrating new architectural design concepts and intelligent construction technologies. Vertical forest "is an ecosystem where buildings and plants coexist, with over 20000 species of plants on its exterior walls, including trees, shrubs, and perennial plants. The selection and layout of plant species are carefully planned, and the plants are reasonably arranged and spatially set according to the orientation and height of the building to create the best microclimate conditions. In order to maintain the sustainability of the vertical forest ecosystem, the design team developed a complex irrigation system using the building's circulating water. This design helps alleviate the urban heat island effect, improve microclimate, and save energy. In addition, vegetation provides natural filters for sunlight and absorbs carbon dioxide and inhalable particles, helping to create a healthier living environment. The core of 'Vertical Forest' lies in the construction of a smart home automation system that improves the comfort and sustainability of residential areas - it can regulate lighting, temperature, and ventilation according to the specific needs of residents and current weather conditions. The 'vertical forest' demonstrates the effectiveness of intelligent construction in creating sustainable environments and improving quality of life. It is not just a building, but more like a constantly evolving ecosystem, interpreting how to integrate buildings with various technologies and natural environments, and attempting to showcase the lifestyle of future cities. 3、 Intelligent construction still faces many challenges and limitations. It should be noted that although intelligent construction has many advantages, there are also many challenges and limitations. A prominent issue is that the investment cost in the early stage of intelligent construction is relatively high, which means huge risks for small and medium-sized companies. At the same time, the intelligent construction process requires the introduction of a large number of advanced hardware devices and intelligent software, posing challenges to employees. In addition, regular maintenance costs and software and hardware upgrades may increase existing investment costs and maintenance expenses. Technical conditions are also a major challenge, and the digital development of building operations largely relies on the construction of a sound network infrastructure. Any non systematic failure or network security vulnerability may result in significant losses. Therefore, ensuring the continuous operation, data integrity, and system security of the system has become one of the challenging tasks. Intelligent construction technology relies on stable Internet transmission, which has become a major limitation in areas with relatively backward infrastructure. Therefore, the uneven development between regions has limited the widespread application of intelligent construction technology and restricted its universal applicability. Another difficulty comes from within the traditional construction industry. The construction industry is a labor-intensive industry, and many construction workers are concerned that the widespread application of intelligent construction technology, especially the use of intelligent robots, will affect their job positions. Exclusion from within the construction industry will slow down the further promotion of intelligent construction technology and lead to lagging optimization of related extension technologies. Finally, whether traditional regulatory standards and laws can adapt to intelligent construction technology is also a practical challenge. Intelligent construction requires the use of technologies such as drones and robots, but existing regulatory standards and regulations may not fully cover these new technologies. In the process of promoting intelligent construction, various challenges will be encountered, but the trend of continuous technological development will not change. Therefore, we should actively consider how to respond to meet future development needs. In response to the differences in infrastructure construction in different regions, we can first determine project priorities and focus on developing intelligent construction projects with investment potential, providing demonstration and experience for subsequent projects. In terms of software and related technology applications, it is recommended to explore open source software and low-cost alternative solutions to minimize upfront costs. At the same time, to effectively control the additional costs of the project, outsourcing non core projects of intelligent construction to third parties can be considered, thereby providing cost-effective alternative solutions for full cycle projects. For the resistance from within the industry, the author believes that although the demand for traditional workers in the intelligent construction industry has decreased, it requires a large number of high-quality composite talents with relevant technical skills. Therefore, first of all
Edit:Xiong Dafei Responsible editor:Li Xiang
Source:CCTV
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