Regular physical examinations have become a fixed option for many people to live a healthy life. How should we choose the one that suits us when facing various physical examination items? With the advancement of technology, various emerging inspection projects continue to emerge. When you go for a physical examination, do you feel difficult to choose due to the wide variety of examination items? Do you have a tendency to plan your own health check ups? The medical examination package does not simply stack the examination items, nor does it mean it is uniform. No two people are exactly the same, life is like this, and health is also like this. Physical examinations should pursue and satisfy "personalization". The correct approach is for the examining physician to tailor the examination package based on your medical history (previous health and disease conditions), family history (health and disease conditions of immediate family members), age, physical condition, health risk factors, combined with the accuracy and risk level of the examination items, as well as the purpose and requirements of the examination, and taking into account personal economic conditions and other factors. 1. Physical examinations should be "personalized". In 2014, academic organizations in the health management industry established an expert consensus on the basic items of health examinations. With the updating and development of technology and concepts, the basic items of health examinations have been revised and supplemented in 2022, which can serve as a reference for China's health management institutions to carry out examination services and promote the standardized development of the health examination industry. The setting of the project directory strives to follow the principles of scientificity and suitability, adopting a "1+X" system framework, where "1" is the basic physical examination project and "X" is the specialized physical examination project. The basic physical examination items are the basis for providing physical examination services and establishing personal health management records, while the specialized physical examination items are screening for individuals with different chronic disease risks. The basic physical examination items include health examination self-test questionnaire, physical examination, laboratory examination, and auxiliary examination. Self testing questionnaire is a survey and understanding of health history, family history, lifestyle habits, exercise status, psychological and mental stress, etc. It can be used as a reference for personalized project setting and post examination health management. Physical examination is divided into general examination and physical examination. Among them, general examinations include height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, pulse, etc; Physical examinations include internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dentistry, gynecology, etc. There are also laboratory tests, including routine blood, urine, and stool tests, as well as occult blood tests; Biochemical tests include liver and kidney function, blood lipids, blood glucose, uric acid, thyroid function, and gynecological cervical cytology (TCT) examination. The auxiliary examination includes three parts: electrocardiogram, radiographic examination, and ultrasound examination. The specialized physical examination program mainly targets individuals of different ages, genders, and those at high risk of chronic diseases for screening, as well as the expansion of other examination items. Cancer prevention physical examination refers to the application of effective screening methods to detect early malignant tumors or precancerous lesions in high-risk populations of common cancers, which is an opportunistic screening and has received increasing attention in recent years. Generally speaking, young people can choose basic physical examination items during physical examinations, among which those who sit more and move less, and have heavy workloads should pay attention to blood pressure, weight, waist circumference, laboratory tests, ultrasound examinations, and other items. Recently, unhealthy lifestyles among some young people have also led to a trend of younger onset chronic diseases. The incidence of metabolic diseases in middle-aged people is higher than that in young people, while the probability of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and tumors in the elderly will increase. Additional options for physical examination items can be considered based on age. With the changes in modern lifestyle, many of the major abnormal situations recorded among the general population in China are increasing year by year. Middle aged and young people should not ignore overweight, abdominal obesity, asymptomatic hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and fatty liver, as these issues are significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and affect healthy aging. Obesity, imbalanced and reasonable dietary structure, smoking and drinking are also associated with various cancer risks. Therefore, after detecting these common and frequently occurring problems, individuals should consciously strengthen the adjustment of healthy lifestyle. Health examination institutions should also pay attention to the relevant information obtained through self testing questionnaires in order to better implement personalized post examination health management and intervention. For routine blood and urine tests, do not ignore them based on their general basis to avoid delaying the detection of possible hematopoietic abnormalities and glomerular diseases. It is particularly important to remind that for examination results that deviate from normal in the physical examination report, doctors will provide follow-up and review recommendations based on the overall situation. Participants should follow the instructions and not overinterpret or become anxious on their own. Only through follow-up observation and further clear judgment can the monitoring and management of abnormal indicators be effectively implemented, truly achieving the goal of advancing the front line of disease prevention and treatment. 2. Middle aged and young people, pay special attention to these points. If the tested young and middle-aged people have a family history or related symptoms of the following diseases, they may consider adding special physical examination items. The principle of reference selection is as follows: 1. Those with a family history of early-onset hypertension, smoking and drinking history, high salt diet, overweight and obesity, long-term mental stress, or dizziness, headache, and vertigo discomfort can undergo hypertension risk screening, including retesting of blood pressure in the clinic, dynamic blood pressure monitoring, pulse wave velocity (PWV), ankle brachial index (ABI), body composition analysis, and echocardiography; The testing items can focus on blood potassium, sodium, homocysteine, glycated hemoglobin, urinary albumin/creatinine, etc. If there are clues indicating the need to exclude secondary hypertension or further improve related vascular examinations, renin aldosterone measurement, adrenal CT, respiratory sleep monitoring, renal artery ultrasound, carotid artery ultrasound, fundus photography, etc. can be added as appropriate. 2. Those who have a history of coronary heart disease or a family history of early coronary heart disease, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, or who have pain, compression and chest discomfort in the precordial region can be screened for coronary heart disease risk. It is recommended to perform ABI, cardiac ultrasound, CT coronary calcification score, carotid artery ultrasound, and in some institutions, ECG exercise test, coronary CTA, PWV, and vascular endothelial function (FMD) tests can also be selected; The testing items can include high-sensitivity troponin, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a), etc. 3. Overweight and obesity, family history of diabetes, pregnancy diabetes, hypertension, history of coronary heart disease, history of abnormal blood glucose and lipids, habitual excess of dietary calories with less activity; Those with thirst, polyuria, overeating, weight loss, tiredness and fatigue can be screened for abnormal glucose metabolism or risk of type 2 diabetes, including postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, oral glucose tolerance test, glycosylated serum albumin, urinary microalbumin, urinary albumin/creatinine, insulin, C-peptide, homocysteine, adiponectin, etc. 4. People with fatty liver disease should pay attention to blood glucose, blood lipids, liver function, blood uric acid, and liver ultrasound. Quantitative evaluation of fatty liver or liver fibrosis can be performed using liver transient elastography and liver fat semi quantitative CT. 5. Complete gynecological pelvic ultrasound examination for women can help detect ovarian masses, uterine fibroids, chocolate cysts or adenomyosis caused by endometriosis, endometrial abnormalities, etc. 6. Women over the age of 21 with a history of sexual activity may begin cervical cancer risk screening, including TCT and HPV. 7. Individuals with a history of smoking, chronic bronchitis, asthma, exposure to polluted air, or previous lung structural abnormalities; Chronic cough, sputum production, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness can be screened for the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including lung function and chest CT examination. Individuals with a history of chronic viral hepatitis, long-term alcohol abuse, and fatty liver disease, as well as frequent consumption of food contaminated with Aspergillus flavus, may undergo liver cancer risk screening, including liver ultrasound, liver transient elastography, liver CT/MRI, AFP, abnormal prothrombin VIII, etc. Individuals over the age of 90 with high-risk factors such as a family history of lung cancer, long-term smoking or passive smoking history, long-term exposure to environmental pollution, uncertain nature of lung nodules requiring follow-up, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic pulmonary fibrosis, or accompanied by cough, chest pain, and sputum may undergo lung cancer risk screening, including chest CT, lung related tumor markers, and lung cancer-related autoantibodies. 10. Women over 40 years old should pay attention to breast examination, especially those who have family history of breast cancer, history of breast disease, early menarche, late menopause, non fertility and lactation, history of chest radiotherapy, breast discomfort, abnormal nipple secretion, should pay attention to risk screening of breast cancer, including breast ultrasound, breast molybdenum target. 11. Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, chronic colitis and colon polyps, colon adenomas, long-term high-fat, high protein, and high calorie diet, or those with lower abdominal pain, bloody stools, mucous stools, unexplained anemia (male), and changes in bowel habits (especially those aged 45-50), may undergo colorectal cancer risk screening, including digital rectal examination, immunological quantitative fecal occult blood, colonoscopy, multi-target fecal FIT-DNA testing, as well as blood Septin9 gene methylation and fecal SDC2 gene methylation testing. Individuals aged 12 and above, especially those with a family history of gastric cancer, gastric ulcers, gastric polyps, chronic atrophic gastritis, unhealthy dietary habits (high salt, excessive intake of pickled products, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption), upper abdominal pain, unexplained anemia (male), and occult blood in the stool, may undergo gastric cancer risk screening, including gastroscopy, Helicobacter pylori (Hp), pepsinogen, and gastrin-17. For people over 50 years old, in addition to the consistent principles mentioned above, other situations that require additional attention as they age include: 1. People with hypertension, atrial fibrillation, family history of cerebrovascular disease, or those who have experienced headaches, dizziness, vertigo, or transient ischemic stroke can undergo stroke risk screening, including dynamic blood pressure, dynamic electrocardiogram, cardiac ultrasound, carotid ultrasound, transcranial Doppler (TCD), fundus vascular photography, head CT or MRI, head MRA or head and neck CTA. 2. For those with a history of hypertension or stroke or family history, atrial fibrillation, carotid stenosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, or dizziness, headache, lower limb claudication or numbness, peripheral vascular disease risk screening can be performed, including: dorsalis pedis palpation, auscultation of cervical and abdominal vascular murmurs, neck/abdominal aortic/lower limb vascular ultrasound, PWV, ABI, and dynamic blood pressure. 3. Men with a family history of prostate cancer, a history of chronic prostatitis, or discomfort during urination or hematuria may undergo prostate cancer risk screening, including prostate palpation, prostate ultrasound, tumor markers such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and free PSA. If there are abnormalities, prostate MRI can be selected if necessary. 4. Postmenopausal women, elderly men, those with low body weight, insufficient calcium intake, limited outdoor activities, or a history of systemic pain and fractures can undergo osteoporosis risk screening, including bone density examination, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, bone metabolism testing, liver and kidney function, and serum protein electrophoresis. 5. For some elderly people, functional assessments such as brain cognition and muscle atrophy can be conducted as appropriate, and comprehensive interventions can be carried out based on the results. Finally, it should be reminded that even if there are no physical problems, one can still understand their physical condition through a physical examination. By checking for deficiencies in nutrient intake, one can achieve a healthier body. The normal frequency of physical examinations for normal people is once a year, but with different age groups, physical fitness may vary. Therefore, the frequency of physical examinations also varies, and should be determined based on one's actual situation. (New Society)