The prosperity of technology leads to the prosperity of the nation, and the strength of technology leads to the strength of the country. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system. Chinese path to modernization depends on the modernization of science and technology, and high-quality development depends on scientific and technological innovation to cultivate new momentum. To learn and understand the spirit of the plenary session, we must fully recognize the strategic leading position and fundamental supporting role of science and technology, strengthen top-level design and overall planning, and promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement through reform. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have deeply implemented the strategy of innovation driven development, continuously improved the scientific and technological innovation system, and continuously unleashed the vitality of scientific and technological innovation in China. The innovative momentum has been increasing, and a large number of major original scientific and technological achievements have emerged, successfully entering the ranks of innovative countries. Currently, the world is undergoing unprecedented changes that are accelerating. The technological revolution and great power games are intertwined, and the high-tech field has become the forefront and main battlefield of international competition, profoundly reshaping the global order and development pattern. We must firmly grasp the "bull's nose" of technological innovation, continue to deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system, and unleash the enormous potential of technological innovation with strong joint forces, laying a solid foundation for the comprehensive construction of a socialist modernized strong country by the middle of this century. Strengthen the originality of basic research. Basic research is not only the source of scientific research, but also the growth point of all technological innovations. It is necessary to lay a good foundation for basic research and leverage the original power of basic research to drive global and disruptive breakthroughs in the innovation system. We should continuously strengthen the top-level planning and system layout of basic research, accelerate the construction of forward-looking, strategic, and application supported major scientific and technological infrastructure, and provide strong hardware support for basic research. In response to the long cycle, slow effectiveness, and high difficulty of basic research, it is necessary to continuously strengthen organized scientific research, establish special funds for basic research projects, and provide long-term stable financial support for basic research. Continuously improve the organization, application, review, and decision-making process of major types of basic research projects, conduct project selection through a combination of open solicitation and active discovery, and coordinate the implementation of basic research projects at a high level. We should dare to break the boundaries of disciplines, support the diversification of basic research topics, encourage the development of high-risk, high-value, and strongly interdisciplinary basic research, and accelerate the establishment of a basic research system where everyone contributes to their strengths and collaborates for innovation. Enhance the ability to transform scientific and technological achievements. Technological innovation is the innovation of the entire process, which requires the completion of the "three-level jump" from scientific research to technological development and then to market application. We should face the main battlefield of economic and social development, continuously deepen the reform of the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological achievements, accelerate the establishment of a market-oriented achievement evaluation mechanism, and break the "closed loop" and "island effect" in the scientific and technological innovation system. We should comprehensively promote the integration of industry, academia, research and application, break down the information barriers between universities, research institutions and enterprises, fully leverage the advantages of big data platforms, update the progress of scientific and technological research and industry demand changes in real time, establish a normalized communication mechanism between researchers, technical experts and entrepreneurs, promote precise docking between scientific and technological research and market demand, thereby shortening the marketization cycle of innovative achievements and smoothing the channels for implementing achievements. Inspire the endogenous power of technological talents. The way to innovation lies in finding people. Only by continuously optimizing the cultivation mechanism of high-tech talents and carefully forging the core research team can we inject a continuous stream of endogenous power into technological innovation. We should innovate the talent cultivation system, rely on the national high-tech talent cultivation plan, fully leverage the role of universities as the main force in talent cultivation, deeply cooperate with national laboratories, research institutions, and technology leading enterprises, and create a group of technology pioneers and technology phalanxes that can lead innovation. Efforts will be made to improve the selection mechanism for high-tech talents, break down restrictive thresholds such as education, age, and professional titles, orderly promote diversified institutional innovations such as "horse racing" and "unveiling and leading", give "leading" greater control over people, property, and technology routes, stimulate the passion and vitality of scientific researchers to invest in innovation, and support more capable young talents to stand out and take on leadership roles. Optimize the incentive mechanism for high-tech talents, deepen the reform of income distribution in universities and research institutes, establish a medium - and long-term funding system covering high-tech personnel, better guarantee the treatment of young scientific and technological workers, and reduce the non research burden of scientific researchers. Developing support for emerging industries. Technological innovation is the core engine that leads the transition of industries, while industries can provide practical application carriers for technological innovation. We should actively promote the organic integration of the industrial chain and innovation chain, and fully leverage the supporting role of emerging industries in technological innovation. Accelerate the coordination between the central and local governments in promoting scientific and technological innovation, and coordinate the layout of emerging industries and the construction of science and technology innovation highlands based on local resource endowments, industrial foundations, scientific research conditions, etc., to achieve the same direction of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development. Focusing on industrial application scenarios of technological innovation, building cross disciplinary, collaborative, and high-intensity industrial application bases, enhancing the effectiveness of scenario based application of major scientific and technological achievements through industrial application feedback, and forming a closed-loop feedback and rapid iteration of theory and technology, achieving a positive interaction between industrial innovation and technological innovation. Strengthen the guarantee of innovation ecology. A good innovation ecosystem can maximize innovation potential, unleash innovation vitality, and stimulate innovation drive. We should strengthen the construction of scientific research integrity and academic style, increase the punishment for scientific research misconduct with a high-pressure attitude of "zero tolerance", and create a pragmatic and upright academic ecology. Widely promote the spirit of scientists and create a social ecology that loves, supports, and participates in innovation. Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, enhance China's ability to absorb, consolidate, and allocate scientific and technological innovation resources on a global scale, and form an open ecosystem with a global perspective. On this basis, through the interaction of multiple elements and overall coordination, we can jointly cultivate fertile soil for scientific and technological innovation that meets the needs of Chinese path to modernization development, so that all innovation resources can flow fully. (New Society)