China is the only country in the world that has all industrial categories in the United Nations Industrial Classification, and the overall development level of manufacturing is relatively high. At the same time, continuous investment in technology ensures large-scale and high-level scientific research output. By 2023, the total R&D funding in society will exceed 3.3 trillion yuan, ranking second in the world, and the number of patent applications and technology clusters will rank first in the world. This lays an important foundation for better grasping the historical opportunities of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation. However, the problem of the "two skins" between technological research and industrial development has not been fundamentally solved, and the deep integration of the innovation chain and industrial chain needs to be further promoted. It is necessary to further comprehensively deepen reforms, better lead industrial innovation with technological innovation, and promote the transformation of technological innovation into industrial competitiveness. With the deepening development of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, disruptive technological innovation continues to emerge, promoting the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, and rapidly giving birth to new industries, new business forms, and new models. The strategic emerging industries that have achieved significant development results in recent years, as well as the highly anticipated new fields and tracks of future industries, are mostly driven by disruptive technological innovation and breakthrough applications of innovative achievements. Technological progress, especially revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, is a key driving force for transforming and upgrading traditional industries, cultivating and strengthening emerging industries, and laying out and constructing future industries. Therefore, some developed countries attach great importance to the coupling of various policies between the innovation chain and the industrial chain. China also attaches great importance to the integration of technology research and development with industrial demand. Regions with relatively developed economies and abundant scientific and technological resources are gradually relying on universities, research institutes, key laboratories, etc. to accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements and continuously enhance industrial competitiveness. Realizing the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is not only an important part of the innovation chain itself, but also an important part of promoting the efficient service of the innovation chain to the industrial chain. The complete innovation chain not only includes technology research and development, but also the industrial transformation of innovative achievements and the creation of market value. From the history of technological innovation and industrial development in various countries around the world, as well as the evolution of their relationship, any missing link will affect the integrity of the innovation chain, ultimately leading to a weakening of the driving force for technological innovation. If there is a lack of technological research and development capabilities, it will be difficult to form an endogenous driving force for industrial technological progress, and it will also be difficult to promote the integration of industries into high-end fields of global industrial division of labor. If there is a lack of technology transfer, technology research and development will lack opportunities for market validation, making it difficult to achieve updates and iterations, and sustainable development will also lose momentum. China is a major country in scientific and technological innovation as well as industrial development. It has the basic conditions to build a complete innovation chain from technology research and development to achievement transformation, and has the ability and opportunity to achieve high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, promoting the interaction and progress of scientific and technological innovation advantages and industrial development advantages. To promote the transformation and application of more technological achievements, it is necessary to effectively solve existing problems. On the one hand, the unprecedented global changes are accelerating, with frequent local conflicts and turbulence, intensified global issues, and escalating external suppression and containment. Whether it is some Western countries increasing technology exchanges and personnel mobility reviews, or interrupting some technology cooperation projects, it will have a negative impact on the industrialization of scientific and technological innovation achievements. On the other hand, there are still many obstacles and bottlenecks in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in China. The functional positioning of the technology research and development subject is not clear enough, and there are deficiencies in some links of the innovation chain. The basic technology research and development with public product nature is disconnected from market demand, and some major scientific research projects do not have the industrial application or diffusion of technology as the assessment target. Financial services lack support for innovation chains and are not tolerant of innovation failures. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to deeply implement the strategies of revitalizing the country through science and education, strengthening the country through talent, and promoting innovation driven development. It is necessary to coordinate and promote the integrated reform of the education, science, and technology talent system and mechanism, improve the new national system, and enhance the overall efficiency of the national innovation system. At the same time, requirements have been put forward for deepening comprehensive education reform, deepening scientific and technological system reform, and deepening talent development system and mechanism reform. Looking towards the future, it is necessary to further deepen reforms comprehensively, establish a system and mechanism that supports comprehensive innovation, apply scientific and technological innovation achievements to specific industries and industrial chains, transform and enhance traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries, lay out and construct future industries, and continuously promote the transformation of scientific and technological innovation into industrial competitiveness in the process of improving the modern industrial system. Deepen the reform of the mechanism for transforming scientific and technological achievements, strengthen the construction of the national technology transfer system, accelerate the layout and construction of a number of concept verification and pilot testing platforms, improve the application policies for the first unit (set), first batch, and first version, and increase government procurement of independently innovated products; Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, establish a mechanism to cultivate and strengthen leading enterprises in science and technology, and enhance the deep integration of industry, academia, and research led by enterprises; Build a technology finance system that is compatible with technological innovation, strengthen financial support for major national technology tasks and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, improve support policies for long-term capital investment in early, small, long-term, and hard technology, fully leverage the role of venture capital and patient capital in cultivating and strengthening emerging industries, laying out and constructing future industries, further promote the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, and promote the timely industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. (New Society)