On July 27, at the 46th UNESCO World Heritage Conference held in New Delhi, the capital of India, the "Central Axis of Beijing - masterpiece of China's ideal capital order" declared by China was officially included in the The World Heritage List, and the number of world heritage sites in China reached 59. Li Qun, Director of the National Cutural Heritage Administration, introduced that the central axis of Beijing is an important symbol that reflects the outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization, highlights the prominent position of Beijing in the world's famous ancient capitals, highlights the traditional Chinese capital planning theory and the philosophy of "center" and "harmony", has a profound impact on the history of world urban planning and construction, and is also a Chinese case of ancient capital protection and sustainable development. The Beijing central axis is located in the center of the old city of Beijing, with a total length of 7.8 kilometers. It was first built in the 13th century and is a combination of buildings and ruins that govern the overall planning pattern of the old city. The central axis of Beijing consists of 15 heritage elements, starting from the Bell and Drum Tower in the north, passing through Wanning Bridge and Jingshan, the Forbidden City, Duanmen, Tiananmen Square, Waijinshui Bridge, Tiananmen Square and architectural complexes, Zhengyangmen, the remains of the southern section of the central axis road, and ending at Yongdingmen at the southern end. The Temple of Heaven, the Altar of State, the Altar of Heaven, and the Altar of Agriculture are located on the east and west sides of the central axis. These heritage elements cover five different types of historical relics, including ancient royal palace buildings, ancient royal sacrificial buildings, ancient urban management facilities, national etiquette and public buildings, and central road remains. They form a landscape rhythm and magnificent order with ups and downs, balanced and symmetrical left and right, and are the ideal paradigm of China's traditional capital city of "facing the back city" and "left ancestor and right society". They express the emphasis on etiquette and order in China's traditional capital city planning, witness China's historical changes, and are powerful material witnesses of national etiquette culture and traditional urban management methods. Lv Zhou, director of the National Heritage Center of Tsinghua University, said that the central axis of Beijing is a whole, and this whole has undergone 700 years of continuous development, determining the urban form of the entire Beijing. It involves our understanding of the land, the construction of national order, and the construction of human life order. When it comes to the central axis of Beijing, the most core value is the crystallization of an ideal urban order, an example. In traditional Chinese thought, there is an important concept called "analogy between heaven and earth", which means that the order of heaven should be replicated on the ground. This is a very simple view of nature, and it is precisely what Beijing or its central axis as the capital city aims to express. The sacrificial architecture of the Beijing central axis showcases the ideal urban planning paradigm. Among the heritage elements of the Beijing central axis, ancient royal sacrificial architecture is an important component and a tangible carrier of the ancient ritual and sacrificial system. There are four temples symmetrically distributed on both sides of the central axis of Beijing, namely the Temple of Heaven, the Temple of Earth, the Temple of Heaven, and the Temple of Agriculture. These buildings have significant value in overall planning, architectural design, decorative arts, and construction techniques, and are powerful witnesses to ancient royal sacrificial rituals in China. Left Ancestor and Right Society "is an important ritual system ideology in China, originating from the Book of Rites in the Zhou Dynasty. The so-called 'Left Ancestor' refers to the establishment of a 'Ancestral Temple' in front of the left side of the palace to worship ancestors. And 'Right Society' refers to the establishment of a 'Social Altar' in front of the palace on the right, praying for national prosperity and people's peace. Among them, "she" represents land and "ji" represents grain, reflecting the understanding and worship of land in traditional Chinese culture. According to Gai Jianzhong, director of the Zhongshan Park Research Office, the Sheji Altar and the adjacent Taimiao Temple together formed the ideal paradigm for ancient Chinese capital planning. Traveling south along the central axis, passing through the Zhengyang Gate, the Temple of Heaven and the Temple of Agriculture are symmetrically distributed from east to west. The Temple of Heaven presents a characteristic of being round in the north and round in the south, symbolizing the cosmology of "round sky and square earth". It is a ceremonial space for the imperial worship of heaven in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and also the largest and most well preserved architectural complex of imperial worship of heaven in China. The location of the Temple of Heaven reflects the cultural tradition of "worshiping the heavens in the southern suburbs" in ancient China, highlighting the emphasis and respect for etiquette in traditional Chinese capital planning. Liu Yong, the deputy director of Temple of Heaven Park, introduced that the Temple of Heaven in Beijing was built in 1420 and witnessed the ancient Chinese ritual culture of worship. Over the centuries, its architecture and landscape design have had a profound impact on the architecture and design of the entire Far East region. The selection of the site for the Xiannong Altar follows the tradition of cultivating in the southern suburbs. According to the Book of Rites, "The Emperor personally cultivates and cultivates in the southern suburbs, achieving prosperity together. The Xiannong Altar, as the largest royal sacrificial place for agricultural gods in ancient China, demonstrates the respect of traditional Chinese society for agricultural culture. Xue Jian, the director of the Beijing Museum of Ancient Architecture, introduced that for example, "one acre and three fen of land" was actually a "borrowed land" that the royal emperors had to personally cultivate during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Restoring this' borrowed land 'is a very important site that reproduces the emperors or emperors from the Ming and Qing dynasties who personally worshipped and cultivated at the Xiannong Altar. The remains of the central road showcase the important urban functions of Beijing's central axis, which is 7.8 kilometers long and includes the accumulation of 750 years of urban evolution history from the Yuan, Ming, Qing, and modern times. Of course, bridges and roads are also essential elements of heritage, namely the remains of the central road, which are also the most closely related heritage sites to ordinary people. Wanning Bridge is the oldest bridge on the central axis of Beijing, consisting of a bridge body, swallow wings, water control beasts, and a clear upper gate. There are 16 observation columns on both sides of the bridge deck, with a height of 1.6 meters. The riverbank is built with stone revetments, and there are water control beasts on the revetments, such as the Nine Sons of the Dragon and the Pit Viper. Since the Yuan Dynasty, Wanning Bridge has been playing an important role in north-south transportation, serving as the intersection of Beijing's central axis and the Grand Canal, as well as an important bridge connecting the north-south transportation of the city. In modern times, Wanning Bridge remains an important north-south transportation artery on the central axis of Beijing. The location and function of Wanning Bridge have remained unchanged for 7 centuries. The remains of the road on the central axis of Beijing are located between Zhengyang Gate and Yongding Gate, which was a necessary route for ancient emperors to worship from the palace city to the southern suburbs. Archaeological discoveries have shown that the central road in the southern section has been in use since the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, serving as a tangible carrier for the sacrificial routes and ceremonial activities of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The existing "Imperial Road" is located about 100 meters north of Yongdingmen, with a western road surface of about 141.5 meters and an eastern road surface of about 108 meters. All of them are built with granite slabs and rammed earth below, showcasing the laying method and shape of imperial roads in the Qing Dynasty. The Taimiao Temple, located on the central axis of Beijing, has a history of over 600 years and was a place of worship for ancient royal families. On May 1, 1950, this place was renamed as the Beijing Labor People's Cultural Palace. With the advancement of Beijing's central axis application for World Heritage status, the Temple of Heaven has gradually vacated non cultural relics buildings and restored its historical style. The Temple of Heaven was first built in 1420 and is located on the southeast side of the Forbidden City. It is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the central axis of Beijing, north and south of the altar of state and state. Here, over 700 ancient Ming Dynasty cypress trees complement the magnificent Xiangdian Hall. The restored and protected eaves and tiles, the ceiling painted in gold in the main hall, and the 68 main beams and columns made of golden nanmu all exude a sense of historical weight. Starting from 2023, the Temple of Heaven has initiated cultural relic restoration work based on the principle of "minimal intervention". In the 1950s, many non cultural relics buildings such as cinemas, labor theaters, and residential buildings were built around the Temple of Heaven. In order to restore the historical style of the Temple of Heaven, the demolition work of these non cultural relics buildings was carried out with great difficulty, like "ants moving". Over the past six years, more than 3500 square meters of residential buildings near the Temple of Heaven have been vacated; Demolishing approximately 18000 square meters of non cultural relics buildings, along with the installation of over 15000 square meters of lawns and the construction of pedestrian walkways, the 600 year old Taimiao Temple is gradually restoring its original historical style. Cleverly integrating and improving the Beijing central axis landscape corridor, landscape corridor refers to the visual corridor formed when looking at a specific location in the city as the starting point and looking towards a certain direction of urban scenery. Along the 7.8-kilometer central axis, Beijing has taken multiple measures to improve urban renewal based on the actual problems of each district. The landscape corridor along the central axis of Beijing has cleverly integrated modern urban and historical spaces. The ancient techniques and techniques of creating landscape galleries bring out the splendor of ancient architecture. Renovating old buildings is essential for the creation of landscape galleries. Qianmen Wupailou is one of the important buildings on the central axis of Beijing. Due to years of wind and sun exposure, the oil decoration layer of the archway cracks and loses its brilliance. In 2022, Dongcheng District of Beijing launched the renovation of the oil decoration and painting of Qianmen Wupailou, adhering to the ancient method of painting. The oil decoration and painting experts of ancient architecture will paint the archway. Through the high standard craftsmanship used for painting palaces, temples, and other buildings during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Five Archway presents a magnificent and atmospheric visual effect. Climbing up to the Arrow Tower at Zhengyangmen and looking south, a transparent landscape corridor leaps into view. Behind the newly renovated Wupailou, the straight Qianmen Street extends southward, and the advertising signs on the pedestrian street have also been uniformly planned and designed, highlighting the cultural charm of Beijing. The restoration of new architectural styles makes the landscape more coordinated. According to the overall urban planning of Beijing and the requirements of the central axis for World Heritage application, in addition to updating and restoring ancient buildings, some new buildings are also renovated based on the traditional courtyard layout and architectural scale of historical districts. Some modern buildings on Di'anmen Outer Street, due to their height affecting the integrity of the historical style of Di'anmen Outer Street, have an impact on the central axis drum tower and the Jingshan Wanchun Pavilion landscape corridor. To this end, it is necessary to carry out a downgrade renovation and restoration of its appearance to make the surrounding landscape more coordinated. Creating a green ecological landscape comprehensively enhances the landscape corridor, and the central axis landscape corridor also focuses on the creation of green spatial landscapes. Improving the coverage of the central axis road and connecting the site space with park green spaces not only highlights the orderly beauty of the central axis, but also contributes to the ecological development of the capital. (New Society)