Scientists from institutions such as the Irish Science Foundation Microbiome Research Centre (APC) and University College Cork conducted a retrospective analysis of six popular dietary habits around the world. The results showed that a Western diet increases people's risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cancer. The relevant paper was published in the latest issue of the journal Nature Reviews Microbiology. This team studied Mediterranean, high fiber, plant-based, high protein, ketogenic, and Western diets. This study examines how the food consumed by people affects the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and how changes in these gut microbiota affect overall health. The research results show that compared to plant-based and high fiber diets, Western diets characterized by high-fat and high sugar intake have adverse effects on human health. The study also found that the Mediterranean diet rich in fruits and vegetables can effectively reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, IBD, type 2 diabetes and other diseases. This study highlights the significant impact of different dietary habits on the gut microbiome. The research findings are crucial for developing dietary recommendations that promote health and prevent diseases. However, the study emphasizes the need for detailed analysis to better understand the causal relationships between personal factors, diet, and microbiota. (New Society)