Since the reform and opening up, China has made significant progress in the field of scientific and technological innovation, and has achieved catch-up and been at the forefront of the world in several scientific and technological fields. At the same time, in some fields, the original innovation capability is weak and cannot meet the requirements of high-quality economic development. Faced with the unprecedented changes in the world and the reconstruction of global industrial and supply chains, we need to take the real economy as the foundation, technological innovation as the driving force, collaborative innovation as the basis, and independent and controllable industrial and supply chains as the goal. We need to accurately connect technological innovation with industrial development and achieve the integrated development of industrial and innovation chains. The connotation of integrated development of industrial chain and innovation chain is mainly reflected in two directions: deploying innovation chain around the industrial chain and laying out the industrial chain around the innovation chain. On the one hand, deploying the innovation chain around the industrial chain requires that innovation elements be reasonably allocated according to the needs of each link in the industrial chain. The innovation chain should actively integrate into the industrial chain and better play its role in driving the industrial chain. We must adhere to a problem oriented approach, layout the forefront of technological innovation according to industrial needs, accelerate the promotion of scientific and technological breakthroughs, especially focusing on cutting-edge technologies with clear industrialization prospects and advanced technologies that can meet current industrial needs. We will focus on addressing the practical problems of weak innovation capabilities and lack of core technologies in China's industrial chain entities, and create a modern industrial system that is independent, controllable, highly secure, and resilient. On the other hand, the layout of the industrial chain around the innovation chain requires the innovation chain to actively extend to the industrial chain, accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements, cultivate a new industrial chain through commercial operation, and stimulate more emerging and future industries. The key is to highlight that industrial development is the foothold of technological innovation, so that the achievements of the innovation chain can be transformed into economic benefits. Truly solving the problem of technological achievements only being shelved in the laboratory. China has the most complete industrial categories in the world, and the development speed of different subdivided industrial sectors varies from fast to slow, and the development stage varies from high to low. Therefore, two integrated development models between the industrial chain and the innovation chain are widely present. When discussing the integrated development of the industrial chain and innovation chain, it is necessary to emphasize not only the pulling effect of one party on the other or the one-way promoting effect, but also the bidirectional spiral upward movement between the industrial chain and innovation chain under the dual chain integration. The industrial chain promotes breakthroughs in the innovation chain, and the innovation chain promotes the generation of the industrial chain. Only by spiraling upwards can we ultimately achieve technological self-reliance and promote the accelerated formation and development of new quality productivity. The driving force for the integrated development of industrial chain and innovation chain is firstly the spontaneous driving force of micro subjects. On the one hand, when deploying innovation chains around the industrial chain, the proactive party is the enterprises on the industrial chain. Enterprises need to extend, supplement, strengthen, and solidify their industrial chains, relying on innovation chains to achieve breakthroughs in key core technologies and enhance the competitiveness of the industrial chain. Deploy innovation chains to tackle weak links in the industrial chain, embed innovation chains into the process of the industrial chain, and enhance the resilience and security level of the industrial chain and supply chain. According to the development requirements of new quality productivity, it is necessary to attach importance to the deployment of innovative chains for key core technologies in traditional industries, enhance and transform traditional industries, make up for shortcomings and forge long gaps, and better promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. On the other hand, in the layout of the industrial chain around the innovation chain, the active party is the main body on the innovation chain. They need to meet market demand and better achieve the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Enterprises are both the core entities of the industrial chain and the innovation chain, and can fully understand market demand and provide real-time feedback. Only by truly establishing the innovative subject status of enterprises can we better leverage the supporting role of technology in industrial development. As important entities in the upstream of the innovation chain, research institutions and universities should fully interact with enterprises in the industrial chain, form a community of scientific and technological innovation interests, achieve information and resource sharing, share scientific and technological innovation risks, and share the high innovation costs in unknown fields. Secondly, the integrated development of the industrial chain and innovation chain requires the driving force of policy reform. At present, the main approach is to further open up the channel for integrated development between the two major systems of science and technology and economy through the reform of the scientific and technological system and mechanism. China's science and technology policies should pay more attention to basic research, emphasize original innovation, create a more relaxed policy environment, encourage exploration into uninhabited areas, and tolerate the failure of cutting-edge exploration. At the same time, it is necessary to emphasize the demand side reform at the market application level, fully leverage the advantages of China's super large domestic demand market, and quickly break through the dilemma of lacking local market demand for innovative achievements. For example, governments at all levels take the lead in actively promoting the "first set" policy, using innovative products and services from local enterprises in government procurement, and giving appropriate preferential measures to the bidding qualifications of local enterprises in various bidding processes. The first path to achieving the integrated development of the industrial chain and innovation chain is to strengthen basic research and original innovation, and build a solid talent foundation for a strong country in scientific and technological innovation. To strengthen basic research and original innovation, it is necessary to focus on researching major original and core technologies that can serve as the "national treasure". We must fully leverage the advantages of the new national system, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, accelerate the promotion of organized scientific research, give full play to the important role of national scientific research institutions in the output of strategic and key scientific and technological achievements, and improve the overall efficiency of the national innovation system. At the same time, it is necessary to comprehensively sort out the key core technologies of China's industrial chain and supply chain "supply interruption", as well as major scientific and technological issues that constrain the overall development and long-term interests of the country. Reasonable division of labor and layout should be carried out in innovation highlands such as national laboratories. Long term persistence and bold exploration should be combined to ensure sustained and stable investment, laying a solid foundation for building a strong country in science and technology. Using new research and development institutions as the starting point, form a "scientific research special zone" centered on scientists. We also need to take the construction of a high-level talent highland as a key measure and promote talent aggregation as the goal. We not only need to continuously improve the treatment and welfare of talents, but also provide key opportunities for talents to play to their strengths and accelerate the construction of a world-class talent center and innovation highland. Secondly, promote the deep integration of government, industry, academia, research and application, and facilitate the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. One is to promote the "dual chain long" system of industrial chain and innovation chain. As the chain leader of a specific regional industrial chain, party committees and governments at all levels should take the initiative to assume the role of innovation chain leader. The dual chain leader should start planning from the top level, promote governments at all levels to effectively play the role of policy calculators, actively match according to the characteristics of enterprises, and provide more comprehensive supporting policy services for enterprises. When the industrial chain and supply chain face the risk of breakage, and when the innovation chain encounters various obstacles to normal operation, the chain leader should actively coordinate, gather consensus among all parties in the innovation chain, and actively guide the cross-border flow and optimized allocation of innovation resources. The second is to encourage universities and research institutes to establish technology-based enterprises, select key time nodes in the core technology research and development process, and build an industrial chain around the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Support scientific researchers to invest in technology and establish enterprises, industrialize scientific and technological innovation achievements, and create a "revolving door" for the orderly flow of scientific researchers between enterprises, universities, and research institutes. The third is to establish a new platform model for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Drawing on the experience of Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute and Anhui Innovation Center, and adopting a platform based operation mindset, we aim to build an industrial technology innovation system and ecosystem that is centered around enterprises, market-oriented, and deeply integrates industry, academia, research, and application. We aim to bridge the "last mile" of scientific and technological achievement transformation. The fourth is to implement the "horse racing" and "unveiling and leading" system for key core technologies that are common to the industry, representative or have demonstration effects, promote scientific research institutions to innovate and transform scientific and technological achievements according to industry needs, and improve the technology supply capacity of key links in the industrial chain. Thirdly, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in innovation and enhance the competitiveness of the industrial chain. One is to take leading enterprises as the core and strengthen their position as the main body of innovation. Support leading enterprises to form innovation consortia, establish enterprise R&D exchange platforms horizontally and vertically, effectively integrate and optimize the allocation of innovative resource elements involving multiple parties, jointly tackle problems, and better promote the research and development of weak links and key technologies. We should encourage and guide leading enterprises to increase their self-sufficiency rate in intermediate products such as key components, promote the dynamic transformation from the introduction, absorption, and re innovation model to the independent innovation model, and enhance their position in the global innovation chain. The second is to promote small and medium-sized enterprises to embark on the path of "specialization, refinement, novelty" and "disruptive innovation". Small and medium-sized enterprises should deeply cultivate their niche areas and firmly become the hidden champions behind downstream major customers; To take the irreplaceable in segmented fields as the core goal, adhere to continuous innovation, and create high barriers to entry in segmented fields. Small and medium-sized enterprises are often the key entities that nurture disruptive innovation. Small and medium-sized enterprises are more flexible in strategic adjustments, able to quickly respond to market demand and changes, quickly form highly specialized technical teams, obtain inspiration and innovative ideas from multiple sources, and provide a fertile ground for disruptive innovation activities. Once again, we will focus on leveraging the dual chain leading role of state-owned enterprises. Large state-owned enterprises are more suitable to leverage their position as chain leaders in the industrial chain, assume the role of chain leaders in their innovation chain, and coordinate with other entities in the innovation chain. Large state-owned enterprises also have sufficient research and development funds, suitable for continuous cumulative innovation, which can ensure that they adhere to a blueprint in tackling common technologies in the industry. Fourthly, leverage the adhesive function of digital technology to enhance the overall efficiency of the integration of the industrial chain and innovation chain. One is to fully empower other production factors with data elements, nurture new technologies and emerging industries, directly improve the overall efficiency of the innovation chain, and promote the development of the industrial chain. Second, encourage Internet platforms to actively adopt new digital technologies to achieve transformation and development, and cultivate a number of new platform organizations such as supply chain operations and financial technology services. The supply chain operation platform enables enterprises to collect, integrate, and analyze upstream and downstream information of the supply chain faster and more accurately, promoting collaboration and interaction in different links of the supply chain. The third is to accelerate the application of digital technology to promote the integration of digital economy and real economy, especially to accelerate the digital transformation of traditional industries. To achieve closer interaction between research and development and production, eliminate information silos in the industrial chain and innovation chain, and further strengthen the deep integration of the industrial chain and innovation chain. Then, in the process of laying out the industrial chain around the innovation chain, digital technology should be applied to more accurately adjust the layout of the innovation chain. To reduce the degree of information asymmetry and the possibility of market failure, improve the speed and efficiency of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, help scientific and technological innovation entities directly connect with market demand, and achieve precise integration between the industrial chain and the innovation chain. Fourthly, the application of digital technology enables the connection between the industrial chain and the innovation chain to no longer be limited to a narrow geographical space, accelerating the speed and scope of technological knowledge spillover, further flattening, dispersing, and decentralizing the spatial distribution of technological knowledge, and accelerating the construction of a new global innovation ecosystem. (New Society)