Recently, the scientific research team of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as the "Xinjiang Institute of Geography") found a plant that is expected to survive on Mars in the extreme desert environment during the third comprehensive scientific expedition in Xinjiang. The relevant research results were published in the comprehensive English academic journal "Innovation" in the form of cover articles. Conducting surveys on excellent stress resistant plant resources, collecting and conserving special stress resistant germplasm resources, and exploring and utilizing high-quality stress resistant gene resources are important contents of the third Xinjiang scientific expedition. With the support of the Xinjiang Science and Technology Research Project, researchers Zhang Daoyuan, Zhang Yuanming, and their team from the Xinjiang Institute of Geology have systematically demonstrated for the first time through scientific experiments that the toothed ribbed red moss can withstand over 98% of its own cell dehydration to achieve "dry but not dead", withstand ultra-low temperature freezing at minus 196 degrees Celsius to achieve "frozen but not dead", and withstand over 5000 Gy of gamma radiation to achieve "light but not dead". It can also quickly recover, turn green, and restore growth, demonstrating extraordinary resilience. These data represent the maximum tolerance of plants to specific environments reported so far, refreshing our understanding of tolerance to extreme biological environments. The study also found that under the Mars simulation conditions of multiple complex stresses, the toothed ribbed red moss can still survive and regenerate new plants after recovering to a suitable environment. This is the first report of higher plants surviving under simulated conditions on Mars. The toothed ribbed red moss is a dominant species in the biological soil crust of the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang. It improves the soil and atmospheric environment by retaining water and sand, promoting carbon and nitrogen cycling, and improving soil fertility, which is beneficial for the settlement and survival of other desert plants. Zhang Daoyuan stated that based on the extreme environmental tolerance of the tooth ribbed red moss, the project team will further carry out experiments on extraterrestrial spacecraft to monitor the survival response and adaptability of the species under microgravity and various ionizing radiation stresses in real time, analyze its physiological and molecular basis, explore key life tolerance regulation codes, and lay the foundation for the future application of tooth ribbed red moss in outer space colonization. (New Society)