Recently, the Chinese lunar exploration project Chang'e-6 mission was successfully completed, achieving the world's first lunar backside sampling return, bringing back 1935.3 grams of lunar backside samples. What are the differences in soil collected from the far side of the moon? How will the analysis and research of samples be carried out? What lunar mysteries can be discovered from it? After 53 days and 11 flight stages, the Chang'e-6 mission has been the most technologically advanced lunar exploration mission in the history of Chinese space exploration. Bian Zhigang, Deputy Director of the National Space Administration, said that Chang'e-6 has achieved "three major technological breakthroughs" and "one world first" - breaking through the design and control technology of the lunar retrograde orbit, the intelligent sampling technology of the lunar back, and the technology of lunar back takeoff and ascent, achieving the world's first automatic sampling and return of the lunar back. According to measurements, the Chang'e-6 mission collected 1935.3 grams of lunar samples. Hu Hao, the chief designer of the Chang'e-6 mission, said that the delicate and loose state of the lunar soil collected by Chang'e-6 from the back of the moon seems to be different from that of the lunar soil on the front. So far, more than 10 lunar samples collected by humans have come from the front of the moon. The Chang'e-6 spacecraft has achieved the first collection of samples from the far side of the moon, which is expected to provide an opportunity for studying the binary nature of the moon and fully understanding its history. The sampling site of Chang'e-6 is located in the Antarctic Aitken Basin on the far side of the moon, which was ejected by early impact events. It is possible to excavate deep materials and collect samples from the deep part of the moon and even the mantle. Li Chunlai, deputy chief designer of Chang'e-6 mission and researcher of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, analyzed that the samples collected here may be very different from the positive samples in terms of mineral chemical composition. "This provides scientists with a great opportunity to understand the internal structure and material composition of the moon." Li Chunlai said, "Studying these samples will help reveal the unique geological structure and material composition differences on the back of the moon, more comprehensively understand the geological evolution history of the moon, and achieve a major breakthrough in scientific research." Recently, the Chang'e 6 mission lunar samples were officially handed over to the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the researchers of the ground application system will carry out the storage and processing of lunar samples as planned to start scientific research. This marks the official transition of the Chang'e-6 mission from the engineering implementation stage to a new stage of scientific research. The Chinese Academy of Sciences said that it would seriously do a good job in the storage, preparation and processing of lunar samples, continue to take the research of lunar samples as an opportunity to further strengthen cooperation and exchange, consolidate various scientific research and academic exchange platforms, widely gather scientific research forces, and accelerate the realization of major achievements in original innovation. On December 17, 2020, Chang'e-5 brought back 1731 grams of lunar soil samples from the moon. This is the first sample of young volcanic rocks on the lunar surface obtained by humans, and also the first time Chinese scientists have their own extraterrestrial object return samples. As of now, NASA has distributed 7 batches of 85.48g scientific research samples to 131 research teams in China, producing over 100 scientific papers. This has refreshed human understanding of lunar science in terms of the basic physical properties, material composition, late volcanic activity, surface space weathering, and hydroxyl water of lunar samples. For example, by determining the formation age of lunar soil samples, the end of lunar volcanic activity was postponed by about 800 million years, and the sixth new mineral on the moon, Chang'e stone, was also discovered. The research on the lunar soil of Chang'e-5 has promoted the development of planetary science in China, cultivated a talent team for planetary science research, and initially formed a fusion of science, technology, and engineering for innovative development. "With the accumulation of Chang'e-5 lunar soil research, we are full of expectations and confidence in Chang'e-6 sample research," said He Huaiyu, a researcher at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The shared and shared exploration achievements of the Chang'e-6 mission have carried multiple international payloads, including the European Space Agency's lunar surface negative ion analyzer, the French radon detector, the Italian laser corner reflector, the Pakistan Cubic Star, etc. The practical and efficient international cooperation has received widespread attention and praise from the international community. Among them, after the Chang'e-6 probe implemented near moon braking, Pakistan's CubeStar successfully separated, captured and transmitted lunar images, and China's National Space Administration also handed over CubeStar data to Pakistan. The detection mission of the French radon detector has been successfully completed, becoming a "permanent" resident on the far side of the moon. During the Chang'e-6 mission, scientists, engineers, and scientific personnel from China and France formed a collaborative team to participate in the operation of radon measurement instruments at the National Astronomical Observatory. This is the first cooperation between China and France in the field of deep space exploration. Regarding the international cooperation of Chang'e-6 samples and data, Liu Yunfeng, the head of the International Cooperation Department of the National Space Administration, stated that the agency has successively formulated measures for the management of lunar samples and implementation rules for international cooperation on lunar samples and scientific data, and has detailed the application process for lunar sample research and specific information on conducting international cooperation on lunar samples. China welcomes researchers from various countries to apply according to relevant procedures and share benefits. After the Chang'e-6 mission, China will also implement the Chang'e-7 and Chang'e-8 missions. The main task of Chang'e-7 is to survey the resources of the southern part of the moon, while Chang'e-8 will conduct technical verification on the in-situ utilization of lunar resources. In the future, China will also collaborate with international peers to build an international lunar research station, sharing and sharing the achievements of lunar exploration. It is reported that the Chang'e-7 mission has selected 6 international payloads; The Chang'e-8 mission has provided the international community with approximately 200 kilograms of payload carrying space and has received over 30 cooperation applications. In the International Lunar Research Station project, NASA has signed cooperation agreements with more than 10 countries and international organizations, and will work with partners to carry out various forms of cooperation on future project tasks, design, joint implementation, and scientific data sharing. Bian Zhigang said that the follow-up missions of Chang'e-7 and Chang'e-8, as well as the planetary exploration projects Tianwen-2 and Tianwen-3, are progressing as planned. "We look forward to working hand in hand with more international peers to deepen various forms of international exchanges and cooperation in aerospace." (Xinhua News Agency)