Providing accessible high-quality medical services to over 1.4 billion people is a necessary answer to China's deepening of healthcare reform. How effective is the current deepening of medical reform? What other key tasks need further breakthroughs? How can the public's sense of health gain be further improved? At the 2024 National Experience Promotion Conference on Deepening Medical Reform and the China Health Development Conference held in Chengdu, Sichuan from June 22 to 23, multiple industry experts discussed the topic of medical reform, compiled a list of past experiences, and looked forward to the next stage of focus. Seeking medical treatment at the "doorstep" should not only be "available" but also "excellent" to promote the solution of "serious diseases can be solved in this province, general diseases can be solved in cities and counties, and headache and fever can be solved in townships and villages", which is an important goal of deepening medical reform. Orderly promote the implementation of 13 categories of national medical centers and 125 national regional medical center construction projects, basically covering provinces with weak medical resources; Efforts have been made to enhance the capacity of grassroots medical services, with over 75% of township health centers and community health service centers meeting basic standards. In recent years, the National Health Commission, in conjunction with relevant departments, has continuously improved the medical and health service system, promoted the expansion and sinking of high-quality medical resources, and enhanced the capacity of rural and grassroots medical services. Li Dachuan, Deputy Director of the Medical Administration Department of the National Health Commission, stated that more emphasis should be placed on coordinating medical resources within the region, scientifically and reasonably grid layout close urban medical groups, promoting the supply side structural reform of medical services, and continuously consolidating the effectiveness of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system construction. Grassroots medical and health institutions are the "first line of defense" to safeguard the health of the people. According to data from the National Health Commission, as of the end of 2022, there are 980000 grassroots medical and health institutions in China, including 34000 township health centers, 588000 village health clinics, and over 10000 community health service centers. "Currently, grassroots medical and health services are moving towards a new stage of development from 'available' to 'excellent' and towards high-quality development." Chen Kai, Deputy Director of the Grassroots Health Department of the National Health Commission, stated that the next step will be to guide various regions to further integrate and optimize county-level medical and health resources, promote the construction of high-quality and efficient organizational structures in the system, and promote the provision of integrated medical and health services in services to better ensure the health of urban and rural residents. Public hospitals should strengthen their public welfare orientation. Public hospitals are the main body of China's medical and health service system and an important force in comprehensively promoting the construction of a healthy China. Deepening the reform of public hospitals guided by public welfare is of utmost importance in all tasks of deepening medical reform. Li Bin, Deputy Director of the National Health Commission, introduced that the National Health Commission has guided 11 key provinces in the comprehensive medical reform to promote high-quality development of public hospitals according to local conditions. 30 demonstration cities for reform and high-quality development of public hospitals have made innovative breakthroughs in key links, and the main indicators of 14 pilot hospitals jointly built by the commission and province for high-quality development have significantly improved. Recently, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Key Tasks for Deepening the Reform of the Medical and Health System in 2024", which clearly proposed to promote the high-quality development of public hospitals at all levels and types. Implement the director responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee of public hospitals, adhere to public welfare, expand inclusiveness, and improve accessibility. Some provinces are making efforts to reduce the cost of medical treatment for the general public and continuously demonstrating the public welfare of public hospitals. For example, Sichuan Province actively stimulates the development momentum of public hospitals, adjusts the revenue and expenditure structure of hospitals, and cancels drug and consumables bonuses for public hospitals; Zhejiang Province is focusing on promoting collaboration, deepening the pilot demonstration of high-quality development of public hospitals, and exploring innovation in cost control, medical insurance payment method reform, and medical service price adjustment through multiple approaches. In the next step, how can we continue to strengthen the public welfare orientation of public hospitals? Zhu Hongbiao, a first level inspector of the Department of System Reform of the National Health Commission, introduced that in the future, we will continuously promote the high-quality development of public hospitals through in-depth implementation of the action to promote high-quality development of public hospitals, performance evaluation of public hospitals, and the formulation of guidance rules for mutual recognition of medical institution inspection and testing results. Taking the reform of medical service prices as a breakthrough point and allowing the general public to enjoy more cost-effective medical services is an important task in deepening medical reform. Zhu Hongbiao stated that this year, he will guide three pilot provinces, including Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang, and Sichuan, to carry out provincial (regional) pilot projects to deepen the reform of medical service prices, and guide five pilot cities, including Tangshan, Suzhou, Xiamen, Ganzhou, and Leshan, to further explore the establishment of new mechanisms for medical service prices. Deepening the reform of medical insurance payment methods is also an effective measure to standardize clinical diagnosis and treatment behavior, reduce patient burden, and reduce hospital costs: Beijing has deepened the payment reform of disease diagnosis related groups (DRGs), and 66 designated medical institutions have implemented actual payment for 647 disease groups; Chongqing has included eligible municipal level agreement medical institutions and second level or above medical institutions providing inpatient services in various districts and counties in the actual payment... It is reported that promoting the integration of medical and preventive measures, piloting the disease control and supervision system in medical institutions, exploring the granting of prescription rights to public health physicians, accelerating the evaluation and approval of innovative drugs, rare disease treatment drugs, and clinically urgently needed drugs will also be important contents of the next stage of deepening medical reform. (Lai Xin She)