Accelerating the development of new quality productive forces not only relies on technological and industrial innovation, but also on institutional and management innovation. We need to deepen the comprehensive reform of the economy, technology, education, talent, finance, and other systems, pay more attention to system integration, highlight key areas, and pay more attention to the effectiveness of reform. We will focus on breaking through the bottlenecks that hinder the cultivation and development of new quality productive forces, shaping production relations that are suitable for them, allowing various advanced and high-quality production factors to flow smoothly into new quality productive forces, and accelerating the formation of high-tech, efficient, and high-quality new quality productive forces. We need to establish a high standard market system and innovation ecosystem, form an efficient and collaborative modern infrastructure system, basic institutional system, innovation system, and industrial system, solve the six basic problems of "for whom to innovate", "who to innovate", "why to innovate", "what to innovate", "how to innovate", and "how to use innovative achievements", and form a new production relationship of industry university research cooperation, smooth connection between upstream, midstream, and downstream, integration and innovation of large and small enterprises, deep integration of innovation chain, industry chain, capital chain, talent chain, and a virtuous cycle of science and technology finance industry. Adhere to the development concept of putting the people at the center, firmly adhere to the value orientation of innovation for the people, and solve the problem of "who innovates for". Chinese path to modernization focuses on people's livelihood. High quality development is a development that embodies the new development concept and meets the needs of the people for a better life. Developing new quality productive forces is to create an advanced productive force that conforms to the new development concept. To promote technological and industrial innovation through institutional and management innovation, we need to strengthen mission orientation, demand orientation, and application traction, promote supply-demand matching, and take promoting social fairness and justice and enhancing people's well-being as the starting point and foothold. In the face of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, as well as the new expectations of the people, we must focus on the "four aspects" to carry out original and leading scientific and technological research, fundamentally solve the "two ends outside" problem of finding scientific research topics from foreign academic journals, importing instruments and equipment from abroad, and spending money on foreign journals and platforms to publish results, so that scientific and technological innovation and application of results can benefit all people more and more fairly. Strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength and strategic talent strength, and solve the problem of "who will innovate". The competition among world technological powers is about national strategic technological strength and strategic talent strength. Originality leading technological breakthroughs and disruptive innovation often have uncertainty and require long-term and sustained research and development investment, venture capital, and patient capital support. Basic research and applied basic research, concept validation, pilot testing, cutting-edge and key technology research and development, and other basic public science and technology supply, need to better play the guiding role of the government. National laboratories and research institutions should strengthen mission oriented strategic and systematic scientific and technological research, high-level research-oriented universities should strengthen cutting-edge exploratory basic research, discipline construction, and innovative talent cultivation, and technology leading enterprises should strengthen market-oriented integrated innovation. The strength of strategic talents includes not only strategic scientists, but also strategic entrepreneurs and high skilled talents. Improve the incentive mechanism for technological and industrial innovation, and solve the problem of "why innovation". Innovation drives development, reform drives innovation. Building a high-level socialist market economy system, accelerating the construction of a high standard national unified market with fair competition and open cooperation, relying on endogenous driving forces to discover and cultivate new fields and tracks, and relying on industrial innovation to cultivate and develop new quality productive forces. We will implement the "two unwavering principles" in detail from a legal and institutional perspective, treat state-owned enterprises and private enterprises equally, and treat foreign-funded enterprises equally, ensuring that state-owned enterprises dare to take action, private enterprises dare to venture, and foreign enterprises dare to invest. Improve the property rights system and incentive mechanisms that are clear, compatible with interests, standardized and efficient, and improve the mechanism of factor participation in income distribution, so that innovative enterprises have a market and long-term returns. Strengthen the position of enterprises as the main body of technological innovation, actively cultivate innovative small and medium-sized enterprises and high-precision and cutting-edge enterprises, and create more unicorn enterprises, hidden champion enterprises, technology leaders, and world-class enterprises. Taking national strategic needs and industrial development needs as the driving force, solve the problem of "what to innovate" well. Adhere to mission orientation, demand orientation, and industrialization direction, and strengthen the supply of scientific and technological innovation achievements that meet the national strategic needs and industrial development needs. Give full play to the government's guiding role, deploy innovation chains around the industrial chain, win the battle for key core technologies, lay out the industrial chain around the innovation chain, and win the battle for advanced industrial foundation and modernization of the industrial chain. Adhere to the system concept, deploy the entire chain of basic research, applied research, experimental development, R&D investment, scientific research organization, achievement transformation, and standard system, promote original innovation, integrated innovation, and open innovation, and strive to achieve a leap from scratch in scientific discoveries, technological inventions, industrial directions, and development concepts. Adhere to deepening reforms to stimulate innovation vitality, deepen evaluation reforms, increase diversified investment in science and technology, strengthen legal protection of intellectual property rights, and form a basic system to support comprehensive innovation. Optimize the combination of workers, labor materials, and labor objects, and solve the problem of "how to innovate". The basic connotation of new productive forces is the leap of production factors and their optimized combinations, which is driven by technological innovation, institutional innovation, and industrial innovation, leading to revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, and deep transformation and upgrading of industries. To fully leverage the advantages of the new national system, strengthen the integration of economic, technological, educational, talent, financial and other reform systems, steadily expand institutional openness, ensure the smooth flow of various advanced and high-quality production factors, and optimize the development layout of new quality productive forces in the new development pattern. Coordinate and allocate key innovation resources such as institutions, platforms, talents, devices, funds, projects, data, policies, etc., promote deep integration of innovation chains, industrial chains, funding chains, talent chains, data chains, policy chains, etc., and create advanced manufacturing clusters, strategic emerging industry clusters, digital industry clusters, and green industry clusters with distinctive characteristics and complementary advantages. Build innovative and friendly application scenarios and innovation ecosystems, and solve the problem of how to use innovative achievements. Based on urban agglomerations, central cities, and various demonstration zones and parks, we will carry out reform and exploration of multi subject collaborative innovation and multi chain integration innovation, actively promote high-level collaborative opening, build distributed application scenarios and innovation ecosystems, and link and construct innovation chains, industrial chains, and supply chains on a larger scale. Establish a stable and predictable system for promoting technological innovation and achievement transformation, combined with digital and green transformation, large-scale equipment updates and consumer goods trade in, and improve the policy system to support the first set of equipment, first batch of materials, first version of software research and development, and demonstration applications. Coordinate the development of cutting-edge technologies, technological transformation, and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, timely apply innovative achievements to specific industries and industrial chains, transform and enhance traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries, layout and construct future industries, improve modern industrial systems, and accelerate the formation of new quality production forces. (Lai Xin She)