The "China Cancer Early Screening and Diagnosis Science Popularization Action", guided by the China Health Education Center and sponsored by the China Elderly Health Association, visited Fudan University Affiliated Cancer Hospital on Father's Day and listened to Professor Ye Dingwei, Vice President of Fudan University Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Director of Shanghai Institute of Urology and Oncology, talk about the key points of prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Prostate cancer is a high incidence cancer in the male population. Due to the hidden early symptoms and lack of clinically specific symptoms, most prostate cancer patients in China have progressed to the middle and late stages at the initial diagnosis, which needs to be taken seriously by men. For men over 50 years old, it is recommended that PSA screening be conducted every two years. With the deepening of aging in China, prostate cancer has become a "double high" malignant tumor with rapid growth in incidence rate and mortality in recent 10 years. According to the latest data of the Chinese Cancer Burden Report released by the National Cancer Center, in 2022, there will be 134200 new cases of prostate cancer and 47500 deaths from prostate cancer in China. Both the incidence rate and mortality continue to rise. Prostate cancer has become the sixth tumor in the incidence rate of male malignant tumors in China. In recent years, the age at which prostate cancer occurs tends to be younger, and urban population is the high incidence group of prostate cancer, with the incidence rate increasing. Professor Ye Dingwei said: "The incidence rate of prostate cancer in Shanghai has ranked the third among male malignant tumors, far higher than that in remote areas and rural areas in the central and western regions. From the urology department of the Cancer Hospital affiliated to Fudan University where I work, the annual number of operations and outpatient services for prostate cancer have risen sharply in recent years, which also reflects the heavy medical burden brought by the rising incidence rate of prostate cancer." Prostate cancer was found early, and the 5-year survival rate after radical treatment can almost reach 100%, while the 5-year survival rate of patients only 30% until the middle and late stages of treatment. Therefore, strengthening screening, early diagnosis, and treatment of high-risk populations is an important means to improve the overall survival rate of prostate cancer patients in China. The 5-year survival rate for prostate cancer in China is 66.4%, while the 5-year survival rate for prostate cancer in developed countries such as the United States is as high as 99.5%, indicating a significant difference. Professor Ye Dingwei analyzed that "due to the unclear early symptoms of prostate cancer and many men avoiding medical treatment, the early screening rate of prostate cancer in China is low, resulting in a much worse prognosis than in Western countries. Strengthening screening for high-risk populations and early diagnosis and treatment is the key to improving survival rates. Moving the early screening threshold forward and raising public awareness of screening has become an important strategy to improve treatment efficacy. PSA screening is the preferred recommended screening method for prostate cancer.". The Chinese Expert Consensus on Prostate Cancer Screening (2021 Edition) defines PSA ≥ 4 μ g/L as an outlier. When the subject's PSAlt; At 4 μ g/L, it is recommended to conduct follow-up every 2 years; When the PSA of the subject is ≥ 4 μ g/L, it is recommended that the subject be referred to a hospital for further diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Professor Ye Dingwei suggests that "men aged 50 and above should undergo PSA screening every two years, and those with a family history should start prostate cancer screening at the age of 45. PSA levels should not exceed 1 at the age of 40. If PSA levels are greater than 1 or if there is a BRCA2 germline mutation, screening should also start at the age of 45." To promote early prostate cancer screening and protect father's health, medical institutions are actively promoting the increase of PSA screening coverage. At the Cancer Hospital affiliated with Fudan University, Ye Dingwei led the compilation of China's first "Expert Consensus on Prostate Cancer Screening", promoting the "Precise Prostate Cancer Screening Base+Precise Prostate Cancer Screening Community Service Station" model nationwide. Professor Ye Dingwei further analyzed that there are currently three ways to improve the coverage of PSA screening. Firstly, through the popularization of community networks, Ningbo's practice provides an excellent example. After implementing screening, they quickly completed 560000 tests, increasing the number of surgeries by 10 times, and allowing a group of patients to receive early treatment. Secondly, the number of cases of sporadic screening is gradually increasing. When patients over 50 years old seek medical treatment for other diseases, urologists will screen them for prostate cancer, and a large number of patients will discover prostate cancer through passive screening, also known as sporadic screening. Thirdly, urologists promote science through the media, increasing public awareness, and an increasing number of patients. We will go to the hospital for examination, which has also allowed our doctors to discover more cases, PSA screening has drawbacks such as high false positive rates and the need for puncture diagnosis. In response, Professor Ye Dingwei's team has developed the "Fudan Model" for precise early screening of prostate cancer, which has increased the early diagnosis rate of prostate cancer from 52% based solely on PSA screening to 74.5%. On Father's Day, Professor Ye Dingwei also expressed his future expectations, "We should pay more attention to the concept of precision and full process in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Through multiple means and joint efforts from multiple parties, the overall survival rate of prostate cancer in China may be significantly improved in the future." (Xinhua News Agency)