Starting from this year, the three major grain crop full cost insurance and planting income insurance policies will be fully implemented nationwide. What benefits can these two types of insurance bring to grain farmers, and how enthusiastic are farmers in taking out insurance? How to further enhance farmers' sense of gain? The reporter conducted an interview. Tang Yiquan, a grain grower in Youxian District, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, is in a good mood to better ensure the income from grain cultivation, assist in disaster prevention and reduction, and actively provide disaster relief during the "Three Summers" period. "The harvest of 2000 acres of wheat is quite good." Tang Yiquan has been growing grain for more than 30 years, and in addition to wheat, he also planted a lot of rice and corn. "With expert guidance and technological support, in recent years, there has been an additional 'all insurance' protection. Tang Yiquan's' all insurance 'refers to full cost insurance.". In 2022, the local government will promote full cost insurance for three major grain crops. "The premium per acre for 'full insurance' is only a few yuan more expensive than the previous physical cost insurance, but the protection can be increased by several hundred yuan. Once a major disaster occurs, I can get a lot of compensation, so I immediately took out insurance. In the summer, when there was a drought and rice production decreased significantly, 'full insurance' compensation largely compensated for the losses." Tang Yiquan said that now many villagers have purchased full cost insurance. In agriculture, physical and chemical costs refer to the direct inputs in the production process of fertilizers, seeds, and plastic films. The agricultural insurance that guarantees these inputs is called physical and chemical cost insurance. In the past, the insurance coverage for materialized costs was about 40% of the per mu output value, which farmers felt was not enough. The full cost insurance liability covers major natural disasters, major pests and rodents, accidents, etc., ensuring the total cost of agricultural production such as materialization, land, and labor. The planting income insurance guarantees the planting income of related agricultural products. The highest level of protection for these two types of insurance can reach 80% of the corresponding variety's per mu output value, which can stabilize the income of grain farmers and increase their enthusiasm for insurance Professor Tuo Guozhu from Capital University of Economics and Trade said that in the past three years, the underwriting area of the three major grain producing counties has increased by about 150 million mu, and the full cost insurance coverage rate of some grain producing provinces is quite high. Farmers can choose one of the insurance options based on their actual needs, including materialized cost insurance, full cost insurance, and planting income insurance. In recent years, the full cost insurance and planting income insurance of the three major grain crops have continuously demonstrated their role in compensating for losses caused by disasters and ensuring the benefits of farmers. Last year, the total compensation for agricultural insurance in China was 112.4 billion yuan, of which the compensation for grain, especially the three major grain crops, accounted for an important part. Agricultural insurance can not only strengthen income security for grain farmers, but also assist in field management and disaster prevention and reduction. This year, China Life Insurance Group's Hebei Branch of Property and Casualty Insurance cooperated with relevant departments to carry out the "one spray and three prevention" of wheat, investing in the purchase of flight prevention services and prevention drugs to ensure stable and increased wheat production. In May last year, Henan Province experienced "rotten rain" weather, and Ping An Property Insurance quickly provided subsidies and drying funds of 1.45 million yuan to Zhumadian, Zhoukou, Jiaozuo and other places to recover about 14 million yuan in economic losses for farmers. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance stated that the full cost insurance and planting income insurance policies for the three major grain crops have been implemented in all major grain producing counties across the country, and there is a high demand from grain farmers in other regions to enjoy the same policies. In response to concerns, according to the deployment requirements of the No. 1 central document and the Government Work Report in 2024, this policy will be fully implemented nationwide from 2024. The sowing area of rice, wheat, and corn accounts for over 80% of the total grain area in China, and the yield accounts for over 90%. The comprehensive implementation of the complete cost insurance and planting income insurance policies for the three major grain crops is conducive to promoting farmers' enthusiasm for grain cultivation, ensuring agricultural reproduction after disasters, bringing real benefits to grain farmers, and is of great significance for ensuring national food security Tuo Guozhu said. Reasonably designing insurance coverage levels, setting insurance rates, and increasing support, the Ministry of Finance and other departments jointly issued a notice proposing that the full cost insurance coverage level and the planting income insurance coverage level should not exceed 80% of the corresponding variety output value in principle. What are the benefits of this arrangement? "For insurance operations, this is a risk management requirement." Tuo Guozhu said that while improving the level of protection, if the insurance amount is too high, it may cause moral risks, such as neglecting field management and reducing disaster losses. Therefore, a reasonable level of security is conducive to ensuring the increase of grain production. In addition, industry insiders say that such policy design is conducive to a reasonable reduction in premiums, to some extent reducing the burden on farmers and the pressure of premium subsidies in some grain producing counties. This year, the central government's budget for premium subsidies for the three major grain insurances has increased by nearly 5 billion yuan. The subsidy ratio for the complete cost insurance and planting income insurance premiums of the three major grain crops is based on a provincial-level financial premium subsidy of no less than 25%, with the central government providing a subsidy of 45% for the central and western regions and the northeast region, and a subsidy of 35% for the eastern region. Subsidies from the finance of listed counties will be added, with nearly 80% of subsidies from various levels of finance and about 20% of premiums paid by farmers themselves. The Ministry of Finance will strengthen fund supervision, prevent arrears, interception, and misappropriation, and ensure precise drip irrigation of insurance policies. "Encourage the optimization of fund allocation and settlement methods, and may consider promoting the central and provincial premium subsidy funds for agricultural insurance premiums to directly settle with insurance companies' provincial branches, hoping to reduce receivable premiums." The person in charge of the relevant departments and bureaus of the State Administration for Financial Regulation said. The relevant departments will urge insurance companies to determine insurance rates based on the principle of principal and minimal profit. Currently, the average rate has decreased from 6% in the previous year to about 4.9%. Based on the protection level of full cost insurance and planting income insurance, which is approximately 1125 yuan per acre, farmers can pay a self paid premium of about 11 yuan per acre. The responsible persons of relevant departments and bureaus of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs suggest that farmers, especially those engaged in large-scale grain farming, should regard agricultural insurance as an important management tool for grain production risks and strive to ensure that all should be guaranteed; Local governments will further increase their support to support grain farmers in achieving the goal of "willing to protect as much as possible.". Accelerating the pace of digitization and digitization, facilitating farmers to purchase insurance, claim underwriting, and claim settlement is directly related to their sense of gain. How to further optimize related services? "Provide personalized insurance coverage for moderate scale farmers and small farmers." Jiang Hua, member of the Party Committee and Director of the Group Business Group of Ping An Property and Casualty Insurance, said that large grain farmers can act as policyholders to fill out insurance policies and pay premiums at insurance companies, which will directly issue insurance policies to farmers; At the same time, we support small-scale farmers to be collectively insured by village organizations, introducing small-scale agricultural production into the modern agricultural development track, and further enhancing the coverage and inclusiveness of full cost insurance and planting income insurance. Accelerate the digitalization and online pace of agricultural insurance. Industry insiders suggest that insurance companies should continue to increase their investment in technology, utilizing technologies such as satellite remote sensing, intelligent identification, the Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing to explore innovative models and methods of technology empowered precision underwriting, and improve the authenticity and accuracy of agricultural insurance underwriting. "Further improve the information exchange and sharing mechanism between the insurance industry and agricultural, rural, meteorological and other departments, and conduct real-time monitoring and risk warning of agricultural production." The relevant person in charge of the Sichuan Regulatory Bureau of the State Administration for Financial Supervision and Administration said that the local government will carry out precision underwriting pilot projects through models such as comparing the data of individual land ownership, remote sensing surveying and mapping of large grain growers, and comparing forest land classes, creating an integrated solution of "land plot+farmers+crops" to improve the accuracy of planting insurance underwriting. The person in charge of the Beijing Regulatory Bureau of the State Administration for Financial Supervision and Administration introduced that the local government is promoting the automatic generation of historical insurance information systems, allowing farmers to complete the entire insurance process without complex operations. The process from completing payment to collecting electronic insurance policies is quite fast. In terms of loss assessment and claims, some insurance companies are exploring the use of handheld global positioning system tools to measure the affected area of crops, effectively improving the efficiency and accuracy of survey and loss assessment; Some use satellite remote sensing technology and meteorological data to support rapid pre compensation, helping farmers to provide timely disaster relief and reduce losses, and quickly restore production. In addition, relevant departments will continuously strengthen compliance management. The State Administration for Financial Regulation recently issued a notice on the special rectification of the compliance and internal control effectiveness of policy based agricultural insurance underwriting and claims, starting from self inspection and regulatory supervision of insurance companies, regulating business behavior, cracking down on false underwriting and claims, and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of farmers. (Lai Xin She)