The article points out that in order to develop new productive forces, it is necessary to further deepen reforms comprehensively and form new production relations that are in line with them. Productivity is the fundamental driving force for the development of human society, and production relations must be in line with the requirements of productivity development. Looking back at the past, one important aspect of why we have created an unprecedented miracle of rapid economic development is the continuous transformation of aspects that are incompatible between production relations and productivity, as well as between superstructure and economic foundation. We have continuously promoted institutional reforms in various fields, formed and developed institutional mechanisms that are in line with contemporary China's national conditions and full of vitality, allowing various production factors such as labor, knowledge, technology, and management to fully flow in. It has been proven that constantly adapting to the development of social productive forces, adjusting production relations, and improving the superstructure in line with the development of economic foundations can help liberate and develop social productive forces, enhance social vitality, and provide a new and vibrant institutional guarantee for development. New quality productivity refers to a new type of productivity that represents new technologies, creates new value, adapts to new industries, and reshapes new driving forces. To accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces, it is necessary to reform and eliminate the ideological barriers and institutional barriers that constrain productive forces. For example, building a unified national market is the fundamental support and inherent requirement for building a new development pattern. In the centralized cleanup work deployed in June 2023, various regions and departments cleared 4218 policy measures that hindered the national unified market and fair competition, effectively breaking through a number of administrative monopoly bottlenecks. For example, technological innovation is the core element for developing new quality productive forces. Some research institutes expand the freedom and flexibility of scientific research, independently recruit team members, choose and adjust research tasks and technical routes, better reflecting the market value of knowledge, technology, and talent. By adhering to the comprehensive deepening of reform, optimizing the innovation environment, and improving institutional mechanisms, we can ensure the smooth flow and efficient allocation of various production factors to the field of new quality productive forces, and continuously inject strong momentum into promoting high-quality development. Practical development is never-ending, and reform and opening up are also never-ending. To form a new type of production relationship that is suitable for the development of new quality productive forces, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of institutional mechanisms that are conducive to the development of new quality productive forces. New productive forces are not water without a source or a tree without roots. They require government advanced planning and guidance, scientific policy support, market mechanism regulation, and continuous innovation from micro entities such as enterprises. They are jointly cultivated and driven by the "tangible hand" of the government and the "intangible hand" of the market. This requires us to deepen the reform of the economic and technological systems, focus on breaking through the bottlenecks that hinder the development of new productive forces, establish a high standard market system, innovate the allocation of production factors, expand high-level opening up to the outside world, and fully leverage the institutional and large-scale market advantages of China's concentrated efforts in doing big things. Since the reform of the Shenzhen Growth Enterprise Market and the pilot registration system in Guangdong, more capital has entered the field of innovation and entrepreneurship; In Zhejiang, the first batch of "shared patents" in Yiwu are open to enterprises throughout the province for licensing, effectively solving the difficulties of "transformation" of achievements in universities and colleges and the difficulties of "acquisition" of technology for small and medium-sized enterprises... Promoting the accelerated development of new productive forces is not only a development proposition, but also a reform proposition. Further improving market economy systems such as property rights protection, market access, and fair competition, as well as improving the methods of project initiation and organizational management for major scientific and technological projects, and cultivating more innovative enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and core competitiveness, will definitely promote institutional and mechanism innovation, and promote the development and growth of new productive forces through comprehensive deepening of reform. (Lai Xin She)