Recently, Professor Yu Miao's team from the School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry at Harbin Institute of Technology and Professor Sun Ye's team from the School of Instrumentation have collaborated to make significant progress in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment and multimodal tumor treatment. The research results have been published in Nature Communications. This study can restore anti-tumor immune surveillance in the body, achieve long-term immunity and effective inhibition of distant tumors, thus opening up a new path for the complete cure of malignant tumors. In recent years, the role of microorganisms residing within tumors (TRIMs) in the occurrence, development, and recurrence of malignant tumors has become a hot topic. However, the impact of microorganisms residing within the tumor on the tumor immune environment and their impact on long-term anti-tumor effects during targeted killing of tumors is still unclear. Professor Yu Miao's team and Professor Sun Ye's team confirmed that the microorganisms resident in the tumor can reduce the number of T cells and M1 type macrophages in the tumor area, increase the number of M2 type macrophages, and increase the anti-inflammatory cytokines and down regulate the proinflammatory cytokines by constructing two types of high incidence malignant tumor models of breast cancer and prostate cancer infected by Escherichia coli. The team designed and constructed silver selenide coated gold nanoparticles and surface modified them with folic acid. By combining antibacterial and anti-tumor methods, this approach can effectively solve the problems of immune suppression, excessive tumor growth, and tumor recurrence caused by intratumoral bacteria. In the case of worsening immune suppression, it effectively activates T cell immune response and promotes repolarization of M2 to M1 macrophages, triggering long-term anti-tumor immune memory and restoring immune surveillance of tumor cells in the body. (Lai Xin She)