Strengthening ecological protection and restoration supervision is an inevitable requirement for building a beautiful China, achieving high-quality development, meeting the growing needs of the people for a beautiful ecological environment, and maintaining national ecological security. Recently, the reporter learned from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment that in recent years, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has effectively fulfilled its regulatory responsibilities for ecological protection and restoration, adhering to the "four unifications" of policy and regulatory standard formulation, monitoring and evaluation, supervision and law enforcement, and inspection and accountability, and has initially established a regulatory system for ecological protection and restoration. Minister of Ecology and Environment Huang Runqiu stated that China's ecological protection and restoration supervision work in the new era has achieved positive results. The national ecological environment system should continue to promote the modernization of the ecological protection and restoration supervision system and regulatory capacity, strengthen the "whole process" and "whole chain" supervision, and promote the ecological protection and restoration supervision work to a new level. "In recent years, the emergence of ecological damage problems in Qilian Mountains, Qinling Mountains, and other areas has highlighted the necessity and urgency of external supervision in this important field of ecology," said Zhang Yujun, Director of the Natural Ecology Protection Department of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, bluntly. Once, the ecological damage problems exposed in the Qilian Mountains and Qinling Mountains left scars on the ecological environment of these places. Illegal logging, large-scale mining, and intensive construction of small hydropower have caused serious damage to the local environment of the Qilian Mountains. The problem of illegal discharge and discharge by surrounding enterprises continues to persist, and the rectification of prominent ecological problems is not effective. In 2017, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued a notice on the ecological environment issues of the Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve in Gansu, and hundreds of people were held accountable. Since then, the Qilian Mountains have experienced a fierce battle against ecological and environmental problems: herdsmen have migrated from the core area of the Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve; All licensed mining rights shall be withdrawn and the geological environment of the mine shall be restored and treated; The hydropower station has completed classified disposal and the ecological flow has been implemented; The rectification and differentiated rectification of tourism projects have been completed... Qinling was also notified by the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee in 2018 due to the problem of illegal villa construction. Subsequently, 1194 illegally constructed villas were thoroughly rectified, 4557 acres of land were nationalized, and a group of responsible persons were severely dealt with, ultimately resulting in the comprehensive greening of the illegally constructed villa area. The scar is gone, but the reflection left behind is profound. How to do a good job in ecological restoration supervision is the direction that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has been striving for. Recently, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment held a national conference on natural ecological protection in Wuzhishan City, Hainan Province, further clarifying that ecological protection and restoration supervision should first carry out institutional arrangements for external supervision in key areas. Zhang Yujun admitted that this arrangement is related to the emergence of ecological damage problems such as the Qilian Mountains and the Qinling Mountains. The meeting clarified that the ecological environment department is standing at the height of maintaining national ecological security, fulfilling external regulatory functions for ecological protection and restoration, and supervising whether the owners, developers, and even regulators of natural resources are fulfilling their ecological protection and restoration responsibilities properly. The meeting also clarified that ecological regulation is the regulation of the public welfare attributes of natural resources. Natural resources have both economic and ecological public welfare attributes. The ecological environment department represents the regulation of ecological public welfare attributes, focusing on regulating the service functions of natural ecology and evaluating whether it has improved the diversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems at the regional scale. The supervision of ecological environment departments is problem oriented in terms of methods and approaches. The ecological environment department carries out ecological protection and restoration supervision, mainly targeting problems. Whether it is ecological protection and restoration monitoring, evaluation, or supervision and law enforcement, the purpose is to discover problems, promote rectification, draw lessons from others, and form a long-term mechanism. On the basis of clarifying the responsibilities of ecological protection and restoration supervision by the ecological environment department, Huang Runqiu requires the ecological environment system to highlight problem orientation, and carry out work around the main line of identifying problems, assigning rectification tasks, supervising law enforcement, and accountability. Starting from identifying problems, monitoring and targeted evaluation should be carried out on key areas, areas, and issues. Conventional ecological monitoring methods and means should be used well, as well as modern remote sensing monitoring methods, to continuously improve the ability of monitoring to actively identify problems. Focusing on promoting the resolution and rectification of issues, establishing internal and inter departmental coordination mechanisms within the ecological environment department, as well as national and local coordination mechanisms, to ensure effective resolution of issues and promote effective rectification. The collaborative mechanism between regions is also very important. In this regard, the governance of the Qinling Mountains has provided useful experience exploration. Last December, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment promoted the establishment of a cross regional ecological protection collaborative cooperation mechanism in the Qinling Mountains region. The first rotating joint meeting was held in Xi'an to guide seven provinces and cities including Shaanxi to sign cooperation memorandums. In recent years, the ecological environment of the Qinling Mountains has continued to improve, but problems such as severe soil erosion and ecological degradation still exist, and ecological damage such as illegal development has occurred from time to time. "Overall, the main body of the Qinling Mountains is in Shaanxi, but it involves six provinces and one city, including Henan and Hubei, in terms of geographical scope. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out overall protection based on geographical units." Zhang Yujun gave an example, stating that the Danjiangkou Reservoir is located at the border of Hubei and Henan in the Qinling Mountains. However, in reality, 70% of the reservoir's water comes from the Han and Danjiang rivers in the Shaanxi section of the Qinling Mountains. Therefore, only through coordinated protection among multiple provinces can the ecological conservation function of the Qinling Mountains be ensured, achieving "one reservoir of clean water for sustainable northward transmission". Based on the above considerations, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has promoted the establishment of the "Qinling Mechanism" mentioned above, with the aim of implementing regional linkage ecological protection and restoration supervision in areas such as strengthening data sharing, joint consultation and governance, joint investigation, technological support, and joint publicity, in order to jointly play a good game of ecological protection in the Qinling Mountains. The reporter learned that under the "Qinling Mechanism", the preliminary investigation and evaluation of the ecological status in the Qinling region has been completed, and the ecological background of the Qinling Mountains has been grasped. And organize the investigation and punishment of ecological damage problems, achieve full coverage of satellite remote sensing monitoring in the Qinling Mountains region, issue two batches of suspected problems, and organize on-site verification in each province to timely supervise and rectify ecological damage problems. Zhang Yujun revealed that the Ministry of Ecology and Environment will draw on the experience of the "Qinling Mountains Mechanism" and gradually explore the establishment of ecological protection coordination mechanisms in key areas of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Economic Belt, such as the Jin Shan Grand Canyon, Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, Chishui River Basin, and Heihe River Basin, to promote the overall protection of regional ecology. Strict accountability and improved institutional mechanisms are crucial for ecological protection and restoration supervision, and strengthening supervision, law enforcement, and accountability is crucial. As Huang Runqiu said, we should fully leverage the role of central and provincial ecological and environmental protection inspectors, further strengthen the "Green Shield" action, seriously investigate and punish acts of ecological and environmental damage, and strictly hold accountable. We should promote extrapolation and improve institutional mechanisms. According to the deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, the second batch of central ecological environment protection inspections in the third round is currently underway, with a focus on promoting new progress in the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. At present, seven inspection teams have fully entered the sinking stage. Each inspection team actively accepts and handles public petitions and reports, goes deep into the front line and on-site, and verifies a number of prominent ecological and environmental problems. Two typical cases have been publicly exposed, effectively consolidating the "Party and government share the same responsibility" and "dual responsibilities" of ecological and environmental protection. A noteworthy detail is that as of the time of the reporter's press release, the Central Ecological Environment Protection Inspectorate had publicly exposed 109 typical cases involving ecological damage. The "Green Shield" action has also been proven by past practice to be a "sharp sword" aimed at illegal and irregular damage to the ecological environment. According to statistical data from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and other departments have continued to strengthen supervision of "Green Shield" nature reserves, and have discovered and investigated more than 5000 key ecological damage problems. The completion rate of rectification of key problems in national nature reserves has reached 99.1%, achieving a significant "double reduction" in the number and area of human interference, basically reversing the trend of encroachment and destruction of the ecological environment in nature reserves. The current and future period is an important period for the construction of a beautiful China. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment still has a series of tasks to do in solidly promoting the supervision of ecological protection and restoration. According to Huang Runqiu's requirements, we need to improve the regulatory system for ecological protection and restoration, promote the integration of the regulatory system into the rule of law, study and formulate biodiversity evaluation standards, and accelerate the improvement of the legal, regulatory, standard, and policy systems for ecological protection and restoration supervision in various regions. We will comprehensively promote the evaluation of ecological conditions and the effectiveness of protection and restoration, carry out the fifth national investigation and evaluation of ecological changes, and dynamically monitor and evaluate major ecological restoration projects such as the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and sands, and the "Three North" project. Intensify the investigation and punishment of ecological damage issues, continuously promote the strengthening of supervision over important ecological spaces under the "Green Shield", study and establish a mechanism for investigating ecological damage issues in important ecological spaces outside the ecological protection red line, deepen the comprehensive administrative law enforcement reform of ecological environment protection, and severely crack down on illegal and criminal acts of ecological damage. Explore the path to realizing the value of innovative ecological products, carry out pilot projects for evaluating and applying ecosystem support and regulation services, and support various regions to build comprehensive demonstration models for realizing the value of ecological products based on the "Two Mountains" base. Continuously strengthen the regulatory capacity for ecological protection and restoration, build a comprehensive regulatory platform for ecological protection and restoration, strengthen the construction of ecological monitoring network system, enhance training on ecological protection and restoration regulatory business, and carry out key special research on the protection and restoration of typical fragile ecosystems. (Lai Xin She)