Professor Zhang Yihui's research team from the School of Aerospace and Aerospace Engineering and the Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology at Tsinghua University has developed a new type of electronic skin system with a biomimetic three-dimensional architecture for the first time internationally. It can achieve synchronous decoding and perception of three mechanical signals: pressure, friction, and strain at the physical level. The perception resolution of pressure position is about 0.1 millimeters, which is close to real skin. This achievement was recently published in the international academic journal Science. Zhang Yihui introduced that the reason why the skin can sensitively perceive mechanical signals is because there are many high-density and three-dimensional tactile sensory cells inside, which can accurately perceive external stimuli. In the development of electronic skin, it is extremely challenging to be able to simultaneously recognize and decode pressure, friction, and strain signals, and achieve accurate tactile perception. The team first proposed the concept of electronic skin design with a three-dimensional architecture, and developed a biomimetic three-dimensional electronic skin composed of "epidermis", "dermis" and "subcutaneous tissue", with each part having a texture similar to the corresponding layer in the human skin. Sensors and circuits are distributed in depth within the skin, with some sensors located closer to the skin surface and highly sensitive to external forces. Sensors located deep are more sensitive to skin deformation. "For example, within a piece of electronic skin the size of our index finger tip, we have 240 metal sensors, each measuring only two to three hundred micrometers, with a spatial distribution similar to the distribution of tactile sensory cells in human skin." Zhang Yihui said that when the electronic skin touches external objects, many internal sensors will work together. The signals collected by sensors undergo a series of transmission and extraction processes, combined with deep learning algorithms, to enable electronic skin to accurately perceive the softness, hardness, and shape of objects. "Electronic skin is actually a new type of sensor that mimics the perception function of human skin. In the future, it can be installed on the fingertips of medical robots for early diagnosis and treatment, and can also be applied to human skin like a bandage to monitor real-time health data such as blood oxygen and heart rate." Zhang Yihui believes that this biomimetic 3D electronic skin provides a new path for the development and application of electronic skin, and has broad application prospects in industrial robots, biological detection, biomedical, human-computer interaction, and other fields. (Lai Xin She)