According to the data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology recently, as of the end of March this year, China has built more than 3.6 million 5G base stations, the penetration rate of 5G users has exceeded 60%, and the proportion of 5G network access traffic has exceeded 50%, becoming the main network carrying mobile Internet traffic. 5G is a key technology in the new round of technological and industrial revolution, and it is also an important technological field in which China has global leading and leading advantages. In the past five years of commercial use of 5G, China has solidly promoted the deep integration of 5G and the real economy, and achieved positive results. In the next stage, we will continue to strengthen the innovation of 5G technology products, further enhance the ability of 5G to empower high-quality economic development, and enable the people to share more innovative achievements in China's information and communication technology. The role of 5G in promoting the digitization of China's real economy is becoming increasingly prominent. From the perspective of serving the people's better life, the popularity of 5G users has driven the innovation of mobile applications, and the resolution, bit rate and frame rate of all kinds of videos and live broadcasts have continued to improve. A number of emerging businesses such as virtual digital people, naked eye 3D, cloud mobile phones and so on have emerged, powerfully leveraging the growth of mobile Internet traffic. In 2023, China's mobile Internet access traffic will reach 301.5 billion GB, 2.47 times that of 2019. From the perspective of digital transformation in the service industry, 5G applications have been integrated into 74 out of 97 major categories of the national economy, achieving scale replication in industries such as industry, mining, electricity, ports, cultural tourism, and agriculture. They are penetrating from industry leading enterprises to small and medium-sized enterprises, and the number of industry application cases has exceeded 94000. On the one hand, 5G has an impact on the automation management of industrial parks, remote control of equipment, flexible production of enterprises, product quality control, and production logistics automation, providing new ways to reduce costs and increase efficiency in various aspects of traditional industrial production; On the other hand, 5G also brings new elements to product and service innovation, promoting the growth and development of new products and business models such as "live streaming+", low altitude economy, and virtual power plants. Although the development of 5G applications in China is rapid, and the level of industry and personal application development is among the top in the world, there are still some bottlenecks that need to be resolved to fully unleash the potential of 5G. From the supply side perspective, network technology targeting high-end industry demand still needs to be improved, and industries such as industry chips, modules, and equipment are not yet mature. From the demand side, there are significant differences in demand among different industries, fragmented scenarios, and high prices for customized products and solutions, which makes it difficult for some enterprises to bear. However, standardized product services and solutions are also difficult to meet the actual needs of enterprises. The level of digital development in traditional industries is not high enough, and the investment capacity for enterprise digital transformation is insufficient, which limits the development of digital applications based on 5G technology. From the perspective of integration, using 5G technology to support industrial field level communication requires the transformation of industrial equipment, cross layer adaptation of protocols, and upgrading of process flows. It is difficult to coordinate the communication and industrial integration industry chain. In addition, the insufficient scale of new terminals and high production costs of content also limit the development of personal applications. Empowering the digital transformation of the real economy through 5G is a long-term systematic project that requires maintaining strategic focus, collaborative efforts from multiple parties, and providing solid support for the construction of a modern industrial system. Continuously optimize 5G networks and strengthen infrastructure support capabilities. Deepen the "signal upgrade" special action, promote deep coverage of 5G networks as needed, and continuously improve the quality of 5G networks and user perception. Research and construct the next generation information infrastructure architecture for various industries, accelerate the deployment of 5G industry virtual private networks that are convenient for user operation and maintenance, easy to replicate and promote, and can form security guarantees, and create a shared digital infrastructure for various industries. Strengthen the innovation of 5G technology products and build a low-cost product supply system. Continuously strengthen technological research, standard development, and product development, promote technological innovation in 5G and artificial intelligence, integrated sensing, passive IoT, and other technologies, and lead industrial development with technological breakthroughs. Accelerate the evolution and commercial deployment of 5G lightweight technology, reduce the cost of 5G chips and modules, and create favorable conditions for empowering the 5G industry. Building a integrated industrial ecosystem and promoting innovation in integrated equipment and application standards. Strengthen policy guidance, actively promote the construction of innovation alliances between industry enterprises and communication enterprises, establish cross integration technology product research projects, and promote the integration of 5G with large-scale industry machinery and control systems such as industrial robots, CNC machine tools, and coal mining machines. Develop and establish integrated application and network protocol standards, and explore the formation of a scalable 5G application, network, and terminal integration product system. Accelerate personal application innovation and drive the upgrading of digital consumption. Deepen the innovation and promotion of new consumer terminals such as mobile phone models, naked eye 3D mobile terminals, VR/AR terminals, and continuously enrich the types and product forms of terminals for individual users. Promote the integration of generative artificial intelligence technology and 5G to empower the digital content industry, strengthen the rich and diverse supply of 5G digital content, and accelerate the transformation of personal applications from quantitative to qualitative. (Author Wei Liurong, Chief Engineer of the Institute of Policy and Economics at the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology) (Liao Xinshe)