Overlooking Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from the air, the two major sandy areas of Horqin and Hunshandak are like a yellow leaf, covering areas such as Chifeng City, Tongliao City, Xing'an League, and Xilingol League, making it the closest sand source area to Beijing and Tianjin. Over the past 40 years of continuous efforts, the expansion of sandy land has been effectively curbed. However, the existing sandy land is ecologically fragile, difficult to manage, and costly. The ecological instability and potential for rebound in the treated areas still exist. To fully fight the battle of annihilation in the two major sandy areas of Horqin and Hunshandak. Inner Mongolia has unveiled a timetable: by 2030, more than 11 million mu of newly increased desertified land will be comprehensively controlled in Horqin Sandy Land, with a control rate of more than 85%; The Hunshandak Sandy Land has completed the comprehensive management of over 36 million mu of desertified land, with a controllable rate of over 75%. The ecological management of the two major sandy lands has entered a new stage of consolidating achievements, rolling stones up the mountain, and retreating if not advancing. For a long time, various regions have increased their efforts to control desertification, and most of the areas that are relatively easy to control in the two major sandy areas have been basically controlled. Currently, the remaining areas are mostly "hard bones" with poor site conditions and high difficulty in control. Wengniute Banner is the area with the most severe sand damage and the highest difficulty in governance in Chifeng City. Currently, the entire Banner has a total of 1.05 million mu of governance tasks. This year, we will first manage 350000 acres of 'difficult to overcome' land, setting a good example for winning the war of annihilation Liu Huanyu, Director of the Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Wengniute Banner, said. This spring, various regions have carried out governance work successively: Ulanqab City, one step west of Beijing, plans to complete high-quality comprehensive governance of 256400 acres of desertified land; Xilingol League will complete over 1.9 million mu of sand prevention and control tasks; Chifeng City has divided the task of sand land management in the city into four areas, with a planned area of 3.4353 million mu, to prevent the two major sand lands of Horqin and Hunshandak from shaking hands; Tongliao City is expected to fully complete the annual task of 4 million mu by the end of October; Xing'an League focuses on the treatment of 58000 acres of exposed sandy land, enabling 603 plots to achieve the goal of "no yellow in green" first. In early summer, the reporter walked into the sand control site of Aorun Sumosumu in Aohan Banner, Chifeng City. This is located at the southern edge of Horqin Sandy Land. Walking on the soft sand dunes, most of the foot strength is removed. Every step, step back. However, under the scorching sun, the figures of sand control workers have spread throughout the governance area. They work in pairs and cooperate harmoniously, one pulling straw to lay flat horizontally, while the other uses tools to press and cultivate soil. "The speed of laying grass squares is very fast, and each person can lay three to four acres of land per day," said Zhang Xudong, director of the Forest and Grass Bureau of Aohan Banner. With more than 500 people fighting hard, in just one month, the high-quality management task of 4000 acres of mobile sand land was completed here. In the middle of the grass grid, seedlings can be planted to fix the flowing sand dunes. In another seven or eight years, the sand in front of us will present a landscape of sparse forests and grasslands. This is a microcosm of Inner Mongolia's current campaign to annihilate the two major sand dunes. The reporter set off from the left wing rear flag of Horqin in Tongliao City and traveled westward, seeing that the sand barriers and seedlings planted in the two major sandy areas since spring have been continuously extending in sight. "Compared with other sandy areas in China, the water resources in the two major sandy areas of Horqin and Hunshandak are better, and with decades of governance foundation in the early stage, we have sufficient basic conditions to win this battle of desertification prevention and control." said Party Hongzhong, director of the Research Office of the Institute of Biological Protection and Restoration of the Chinese Academy of Forestry. "To carry out the battle of desertification prevention and control, we must adhere to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, especially placing the carrying capacity of water resources in the region in a key position, promoting the refinement of desertification prevention and control work.". In the systematic management project area of Kezuohou Banner and the border of Liaoning Province in Kanqika Town, rows of newly planted camphor pine seedlings are growing well, complementing the surrounding sand barriers, shrubs, and moderately "left blank" sandy land. "Although the wind is strong today, there is very little sand blowing on the face." Wang Feng, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Forestry, believes that a war of annihilation does not mean eliminating every grain of sand completely. In an area, as long as sand, grass, trees, and shrubs are scientifically distributed and reach ecological balance, the sand can be fixed. The reporter learned from the Inner Mongolia Forestry and Grassland Bureau that, according to the different characteristics of the region, the two major sandy land annihilation wars have their own priorities and strategies: implementing 10 major tasks in the Horqin Sandy Land, including comprehensive management of sandy land, greening and expanding of non sandy land, and consolidation and improvement of governance achievements; We will carry out 10 key projects in the Hunshandak Sandy Land, including blocking the path of sandstorms in the western region, comprehensive management of desertified land in the hinterland, ecological comprehensive management of the Mongolian Hebei border, and comprehensive management of wetlands in Daihai. In the long-term practice of desertification control, cadres and masses in various regions have explored and summarized a number of replicable experience models that can be promoted. The grid sand barrier control method from Bahrain Right Banner in Chifeng City provides a good growth environment for sand plants by laying grid sand barriers on sand dunes and planting willow, golden pheasant, and poplar branches inside the grid, just like a mother holding a baby. At present, the sand barrier control method has been promoted in Inner Mongolia and even throughout the country, and is widely used to tackle the most severe desertification land. The "deep planting and shallow burial" planting method explored by Kezuohou Banner ensures suitable soil temperature while drought resistance and water retention through deep pit seeding and shallow soil covering. "Using this method to plant Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica can save 55.8% of water resources." Chaoketu, the head of Kezuohou Banner Forestry Workstation, said that since 2013, in the construction of the "three north" protective forest, the survival rate of seedlings planted with the "deep planting and shallow burying" technology has increased from about 50% in the past to more than 90%. The "road based sand control" model summarized by Wengniute Banner divides the sandy land into several governance grids, and wherever the road is repaired, the grass squares are "woven". "In May of this year, the 16th sand crossing road with a total length of 15 kilometers was completed and opened to traffic, marking the official formation of the" six horizontal and ten vertical "sand control grid system in the entire flag. Currently, the total length of the sand crossing road in the flag is over 400 kilometers, and a total of 5.78 million mu of sand has been comprehensively treated. Liu Huanyu said that the flag has also followed the" getting rich by the road "approach to create a 300 kilometer ecological tourism ring road covering five Sumu townships in the flag, connecting all key scenic spots in the flag area. Last year, it received 1.6 million tourists and achieved a total tourism revenue of 1.76 billion yuan.". "Consolidating the achievements of desertification control is not easy, especially in the agricultural and animal husbandry interlaced zone where the governance effect is prone to fluctuations. It is necessary to find a balance between people's production and life and ecological governance." Wang Feng said that desertification control should focus on benefits, including both ecological and economic accounts, in order to achieve sustainable results. In the process of sand prevention and control, various regions in Inner Mongolia actively pursue the path of green industry, striving to create a multi-level green industry development model mainly based on characteristic economic forest and medicinal materials, shrub raw materials, desert ecotourism, photovoltaic sand control and other industries. While controlling sandy areas and improving the ecological environment, we also develop characteristic industries and increase income. In Kangjiayingzi Village, northeast of Gulu Banhao Town, Aohan Banner, the reporter saw 47500 newly planted seabuckthorn seedlings neatly arranged in the newly constructed seabuckthorn industry base since April. Mayor Zheng Qingxin said that the town has signed a contract with the local leading enterprise Desert Flower Ecological Industry Technology Co., Ltd. to purchase seabuckthorn fruits at market prices, achieving both ecological and economic benefits. The seabuckthorn tree can bear fruit in about 3 years, with an average annual net income of about 1000 yuan per mu. The economic benefits generated are evenly distributed among the nearby four villages, with an estimated annual income of around 100000 yuan per village. The two major sandy areas are sparsely populated and contain huge wind and solar energy resources. In the yellow sand, the construction of the Xing'an League's "wind and solar energy storage" integrated desertification control 100MW photovoltaic power generation project is in full swing. Construction machinery and workers are busy shuttling back and forth, and rows of newly erected photovoltaic panels are like blue umbrellas, effectively blocking direct sunlight and ground water evaporation, providing a more suitable living environment for vegetation in the sandy land. "After implementing photovoltaic desertification control, we will guide surrounding farmers and herdsmen to increase their income and become prosperous by renting out sandy land, maintaining photovoltaic panels, and participating in planting and breeding projects under the panels." Geng Tianliang, Director of the Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Xing'an League, said that this year Xing'an League will complete the comprehensive management of 900000 kilowatts of new energy installed capacity and 140000 acres of desertified land. At present, all sand prevention and control projects and integrated wind and solar power projects in various parts of Inner Mongolia have started construction, striving to integrate the "Three North" project battle with new energy construction, and coordinate the promotion of green, energy, and income growth, achieving a "1+1>2" effect. This year, an additional 13.2 million kilowatts of new energy will be installed, and 2.3 million acres of desertified land will be comprehensively treated to build a green Great Wall and ecological security barrier in northern Xinjiang. The two major campaigns against desertification cover a vast area and require a huge amount of work. It is necessary to exert the power of the masses and increase their income in the governance of the desert, so that farmers and herdsmen can transform from guerrilla fighters in the past to the main force in attacking cities and villages. Various regions in Inner Mongolia are actively exploring diverse governance mechanisms, following the principle of "whoever applies, who governs, who manages, and who benefits", and mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen to actively participate in sand prevention and control through models such as rewarding instead of supplementing, and building before supplementing. "Nowadays, farmers and herdsmen have become the main force in the management of Hunshandak Sandy Land." Xue Wanwu, Deputy Director of the Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Xilingol League, introduced that currently, farmers and herdsmen and their cooperative organizations in 9 banner counties in the league are engaged in sand prevention and control through a contract system, accounting for 66% of the total project volume. "Farmers and herdsmen who participate in desertification control can earn 300 yuan a day without any problem." This year, the Zhangtai Nursery Planting Professional Cooperative in Duolun County and the County Forestry and Grassland Bureau signed a contract for the management of 8000 acres of sandy land, employing more than 100 surrounding farmers and herdsmen to work on seedling cupping and tree planting in the project area. The head of the cooperative, Song Zhanjun, smiled and said, "Look, in the past, some farmers and herdsmen were passive in 'asking me to control desertification', but now they have become proactive in 'I want to control desertification'."