The western region plays a significant role in the overall reform, development, and stability of the country. The western region has 72% of the national land area and 27% of the population, with abundant resources but fragile ecological environment, and plays an important strategic role in the national ecological security pattern. Building a strong ecological security barrier is the foundation for maintaining the stability of the national ecosystem and natural resources, and safeguarding ecological rights. It is not only related to the sustainable development of China's economy and society, but also to global ecological balance. In the past decades, China has successively implemented a series of ecological protection projects such as the "three north" shelter forest and natural forest protection, which have played a key role in preventing and controlling desertification and reducing soil erosion in the western region. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has successively implemented a large number of major ecological projects, including national park pilot projects, ecological protection and restoration pilot projects for mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, and grasslands, as well as comprehensive management of key areas such as the Three Rivers Source and Qilian Mountains. This has further promoted the ecological development of the western region, continuously improved the quality of the ecosystem, and basically formed a national ecological security barrier framework. Looking across the country, China's artificial forest area currently ranks first in the world and has become the country with the fastest and largest growth of forest resources worldwide; Enhancing the functionality of desert ecosystems and achieving the goal of zero growth in land degradation ahead of schedule; The comprehensive delineation of ecological protection red lines has effectively protected 90% of terrestrial ecosystem types and 74% of national key protected wild animal and plant populations. However, we should also be aware that China still faces many challenges in ecological security, such as soil erosion, wetland degradation, and food security. We need to always tighten the string of ecological protection, continue to promote the western development strategy, build a complete and functional national ecological security barrier, enhance the ability to prevent ecological and environmental risks, continuously enhance endogenous development momentum, transform ecological value into development advantages, and form a new pattern of great protection, great opening up, and high-quality development. Continuously promoting the "Three North" project and further stabilizing the "Green Great Wall". After years of continuous construction and governance, the ecological environment quality in the Three North region has improved, achieving huge ecological, economic, and social benefits, and becoming a model of ecological security protection in China. According to relevant data, as of the end of 2020, the cumulative completed afforestation and preservation area of the "Three North" project reached 31.7429 million hectares, and the forest coverage rate in the project area increased to 13.84%; The average number of sandstorm days per year has decreased to 2.4 days; Assisted 15 million farmers in poverty alleviation, with a poverty alleviation contribution rate of 27%; The forest tourism in the three northern regions receives 385 million visitors annually, with a direct tourism revenue of 48 billion yuan. In the future, it is necessary to further increase investment and encourage social capital to participate in projects