AI technology helps revive Sanxingdui cultural relics
2024-05-13
A fusion of images such as elephants, rhinoceroses, tigers, leopards, birds, etc., creates a majestic "four unlike" mythical beast. On the back of the divine beast, the worshippers kneel and sit with a magnificent bronze statue on their heads, reproducing the scene of ancient Shu's worship. Recently, the reporter walked into the Sanxingdui Museum in Guanghan, Sichuan and saw this 1.589 meter tall bronze statue of a kneeling beast carrying a human head. The bronze statue exudes the mystery and charm of ancient Shu culture. Little known is that it is composed of cultural relics from different archaeological areas in Sanxingdui, which are "cross pit spliced" using artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Its components are respectively from the kneeling figure of the copper top statue unearthed in Pit 3 in 2021, the mouth edge of the copper statue unearthed in Pit 2 in 1986, and the copper god beast unearthed in Pit 8 in 2022. "Under the guidance of experts from the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, with the help of human-machine collaborative simulation technology, the 'digital splicing' is completed first, and then the physical cultural relics are spliced." Introduction by Jing Bo, the project leader of Tencent SSV Digital Culture Sanxingdui. This is the first pilot cultural relic simulation splicing project jointly launched by the Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Tencent after signing a cooperation agreement in March last year. So, how does AI achieve splicing? Jingbo explained that the first step is to confirm whether the cultural relics from different pits can be pieced together. In the past, it relied on visual observation and empirical judgment. However, in this project, AI intelligent computing was used to analyze the three-dimensional model of the cultural relics. Team members extracted the geometric feature information of the cultural relics, calculated the feature similarity, and obtained the matching degree of the splicing, which is vividly referred to as "brotherhood recognition". The second step is to perform "corrective surgery", which means that AI will correct the deformed parts of cultural relics based on geometric analysis, deformation crack detection, and corrective algorithms. Finally, based on the symmetry completion algorithm of shape analysis, AI provides various conjecture references for cultural relic restoration experts to check for omissions and fill in gaps. The significance of this exploration goes beyond the restoration of cultural relics. "The simulation splicing of the 'Bronze Beast Kneeling and Sitting on a Man's Head with a Bronze Statue' has gradually led the team to develop multiple algorithm models for AI assisted archaeological research and cultural relic restoration. Currently, this algorithm has been validated on a simulation dataset. Tencent AI engineer Gao Yiming said that the team also leverages the advantages of intelligent computing to assist cultural relic archaeologists in analyzing cultural relic diseases.". Based on the three-dimensional model of cultural relics, using AI algorithms of geometry and physics engines, it is convenient to measure and calculate the crack length, geometric radius data of each cross-section, and matching degree of different splicing positions of cultural relics. This can provide quantitative support for experts to analyze the deterioration and damage of cultural relics and protect and restore cultural relics. In order to help the public better understand and learn about AI assisted cultural relic restoration and archaeological knowledge, Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Tencent have jointly launched a visual science popularization video. These videos vividly demonstrate the processes of AI assisted crack detection and feature calculation for cultural relics, AI multi fragment splicing and completion, and computer physical simulation force analysis. At present, in the multidisciplinary integration exhibition area on the first floor of the new building in Sanxingdui, the video "AI human-machine collaborative cultural relic virtual restoration - bronze beast riding top statue" introduces the full picture of this work. The unearthed original and simulated 3D printed version of the bronze beast riding top statue are currently being exhibited on the second floor of the new building
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