Ecological protection compensation refers to an incentive system arrangement that compensates units and individuals who carry out ecological protection in accordance with regulations or agreements through financial vertical compensation, regional horizontal compensation, market mechanism compensation, and other means. As an important component of the ecological civilization system, the ecological protection compensation system plays a role in balancing the interests of ecological protectors and beneficiaries, and is a key institutional guarantee for mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in ecological protection. Recently, the Ecological Protection Compensation Regulations (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) were announced to the public and will come into effect on June 1st, marking a new era in China's legal construction of ecological protection. The exploration of ecological protection compensation system in our country began with the implementation of the Grain for Green Project in 1999, and corresponding practice formed a forest ecological protection compensation model. Subsequently, the types and objects of ecological protection compensation began to expand and extend to various important ecological environment elements such as grasslands, water flows, wetlands, deserts, and oceans, and simultaneously formed cross regional ecological protection compensation mechanisms. The practice of ecological protection compensation is constantly advancing in depth, but in reality, it still faces problems such as limited compensation scope, unclear compensation cycle, and poor institutional mechanisms for benign interaction between ecological protectors and beneficiaries. As the first regulation specifically targeting ecological protection compensation in China, the promulgation of the Regulations marks the beginning of a new chapter in the legalization of ecological protection compensation in China, which will better play the role of the rule of law in consolidating the foundation, stabilizing expectations, and promoting long-term benefits. From a strategic perspective, the promulgation of the Regulations is conducive to building a national ecological security barrier and promoting regional coordinated and sustainable development. The various forms and methods of ecological protection compensation stipulated in the Regulations will play a supportive role in enhancing the stability and sustainability of ecological systems such as mountains, grasslands, forests, and lakes, and building national ecological security barriers. At the same time, it will also provide protection for the implementation of ecological protection rights and responsibilities, and the integration of multiple funding channels. The forms of cross regional, cross basin and other national fiscal transfer payments stipulated in the Regulations are essentially a process of reallocating spatial resources through the circulation of funds from more developed regions to important ecological protection areas, providing more solid institutional support for promoting regional coordinated and sustainable development and building a beautiful China. From the perspective of implementation, the promulgation of the Regulations is conducive to consolidating mature practical experience and stabilizing the expectations of various ecological protection entities. After long-term exploration, China has formed many mature experiences in the field of ecological protection compensation. The practical verification, effective practical experience, policy choices, etc. will be elevated to the level of administrative regulations for fixed strengthening, forming institutional norms, which will have a positive effect on stabilizing the expectations of various parties such as the government, enterprises, and the public, and promoting the construction of ecological civilization to a new level. For example, since 2012, Xin'anjiang has piloted the first cross provincial ecological protection compensation mechanism in China. Anhui and Zhejiang provinces adhere to the concept of "cost sharing and benefit sharing", and implement their respective ecological protection compensation responsibilities and obligations through agreements,