Technological innovation is the core element for developing new quality productive forces. From the perspective of modernization development in various countries around the world, many countries have experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization, resulting in a rapid increase in traditional industrial resources and energy costs, and a gradual weakening of low-cost competitiveness. From the current industrial system and structure in our country, traditional industries have begun to decline, while emerging industries are growing rapidly, but their proportion in the entire industrial system is relatively small and their contribution to the national economy is still relatively small; Due to the fact that China is generally in the middle and low end of the national industrial system, the quality and quantity of high-end technologies and products in the supply system are not high, and employment opportunities and income levels are also limited to the middle and low end. The bottleneck problem of key core technologies and products is prominent. The key way to overcome these challenges lies in seizing the opportunities of the new round of industrial and technological revolution, forming emerging strategic and future industries with international competitive advantages, accelerating the formation of a modern industrial system, and promoting high-quality economic development. From the perspective of the technological path for the formation of new quality productivity, emerging industries and future industries are developing dynamically rather than stagnant. The original driving force for the development of emerging industries into new quality productivity is technological innovation. The formation of new productive forces is the result of the joint promotion of basic disciplines and applied disciplines. Basic disciplines provide a solid foundation for applied disciplines. In a certain sense, where basic disciplines develop, social civilization can progress. Both basic and applied disciplines are the preface to the formation of new productive forces, rather than the new productive forces themselves. However, without scientific progress, it is difficult to achieve technological breakthroughs. Therefore, the formation of new productive forces must attach great importance to the discovery role of basic science and the practical role of applied science. At present, the catch-up effect of China's rapid economic and technological development over the past few decades is in its later stages. Applied research and industrial upgrading have entered a stage of self-reliance and self-improvement. Basic science and technological innovation have entered more "unmanned areas", and the experience available for reference has suddenly decreased. This requires us to bravely explore new experiences, further advance the layout of future industries on the basis of highlighting the originality of scientific and technological innovation, and cultivate new driving forces for the development of new quality productivity. The innovation of new productive forces has originality, disruptive technology, and a cultivation cycle of 10-15 years, presenting characteristics of high investment, high risk, and high return. It requires not only leveraging the advantages of the new national system for forward-looking planning and deployment, but also actively mobilizing social forces to improve verification efficiency and reduce trial and error costs. We need to deepen the reform of the scientific research system and enhance our original and disruptive technological innovation capabilities from the source. Firstly, we will deepen the reform of the scientific research evaluation system and eliminate paper only and quantity theory. A paper is only an academic expression of scientific research achievements, and publication should not be used as the purpose. It should focus on assessing the innovation and application prospects of scientific research achievements. We should actively explore and establish a post evaluation mechanism for scientific research achievements, shifting from "managing the process" to "managing the results", "managing the results", and "managing the effects". In the scientific research evaluation system, we should pay more attention to the results and effects orientation, and use the innovation level and actual performance of the results as the evaluation criteria for scientific discoveries and scientific inventions. Secondly, focus on cultivating mid to high end basic research talents